Reproduction in Organisms Test

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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 68

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Question 1
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Refer the given figures and select the incorrect option.

A
P reproduces vegetatively by underground stem called rhizome

B
Q reproduces asexually by buds on its leaves

C
R reproduces by the process of fragmentation

D
S reproduces by the process of budding
Solution
- Vegetative propagation is a type of asexual reproduction in plants. Different types of roots and shoots such as rhizome, bulb, tuber, are capable of vegetative propagation.
- Figure P is ginger that reproduces vegetatively by an underground stem called rhizome.
- Figure R is spirogyra, algae. It reproduces vegetatively by the process of fragmentation.
- Figure S is hydra. It reproduces asexually by the process of budding.
- Figure Q is of a flower. Flowering plants show sexual mode of reproduction.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
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Which of the following is correct about internal fertilization and external fertilization?

A
Internal fertilization- Fertilization inside the female body, External fertilization- Fertilization outside the female body.

B
Internal fertilization- Fertilization outside the female body, External fertilization- Fertilization inside the female body.

C
Internal fertilizatlon- Chances of the survival of the offspring are more, External fertilization- Chances of survival of the offspring are less.

D
Both A and C

Solution

Internal fertilization occurs inside the body whereas external fertilization happens outside the body.
External fertilization requires the presence of water for the sperm to be able to unite with the egg. Large number of offspring are produced but the chances of survival is very less.
With internal fertilization, the presence of water is not needed. Fewer young ones are produced because the mother's body will protect any fertilized eggs from being devoured by predators, so chances of survival is high.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D), 'Both A and C.'
Question 3
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Two offsprings having the same genetic material and the same body features, produced by one parent through asexual reproduction, are called

A
Identical twins

B
Fraternal twins

C
Callus

D
Clones
Solution
Clones are identical organisms that have the same genetic material and same body features as the parent because they are produced from one parent without involving sexual reproduction.
So the correct answer is" Clones"

Question 4

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Study the table given below and select the correct option from the following.

	List-I		List-II
A	Bryophyllum	I	Cuticle is absent
B	Nelumbo	II	High rate of transpiration
C	Pistia	III	Water is stored in the form of mucilage
D	Potamogeton	IV	Rhizome stem
		V	Balancing roots have root pockets in place of root caps

(A)- (III), (B)- (IV), (C)- (V), (D)- (I)

(A)- (V), (B)- (III), (C)- (II), (D)- (IV)

(A)- (II), (B)- (IV), (C)- (I), (D)- (V)

(A)- (I), (B)- (V), (C)- (II), (D)- (III)

Solution

Bryophyllum is drought avoiding fleshy xerophyte that has succulent leaves due to the development of water-storing parenchymatous tissue to store water in the form of mucilage.
Modification of Nelumbo stem into rhizome grows vertically upward and helps the leaves to float on the water surface.
The root cap is a parenchymatous, cap-like multicellular structure that covers the root apical meristem and secretes mucilage to lubricate the path of the root in the soil. Being an aquatic plant, Pistia does not require a root cap which in turn is replaced by root pockets in the plant.
Cuticle serves as a protective covering and reduces water loss; being an aquatic plant, Potamogeton does not require water-saving strategies and hence lacks a cuticle.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Question 5
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Earthworms are bisexual but still cross-fertilization is common in them. This is because

A
Spermatozoa of different earthworms are different.

B
Spermatozoa and ova mature at different times in the same earthworm.

C
Ova from other earthworms may be larger.

D
Sperm and ova from the same earthworm cannot fertilize.

Solution

Earthworms are bisexual, i.e., male and female reproductive organs are present in same organism. Bisexuality favours self fertilization but earthworms are cross fertilizing organisms. This is because the male reproductive organs mature earlier than the female parts, i.e., they are protandrous, which in turn makes them cross fertilizing organisms.
Question 6
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What observation can be made by viewing the slides under the microscope on binary fission in Amoeba and budding in yeast?

A
The daughter cells of Amoeba and the bud of yeast are smaller than their respective parent cells.

B
The daughter cells of Amoeba and the bud of Yeast are of the same size as their respective parent cells.

C
The daughter cells of Amoeba are bigger than the parent cells but bud of yeast is smaller than the parents.

D
The daughter cells of Amoeba are smaller than the parents but bud of yeast is larger than the parents.

Solution

Binary fission and budding are types of asexual reproduction where reproduction that takes place without gametes formation. During both of these processes, rapid multiplication occurs and the new organisms produced are genetically and morphologically identical to the parent however daughter cells/organisms are comparatively smaller in size than their parents.
So, the correct answer is "The daughter cells of Amoeba and the bud of yeast are smaller than their respective parent cells"
Question 7
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Parthenogenesis is the development of a female egg into a new individual without the contribution of a male set of chromosomes.
In a hypothetical pond, two populations of fish are found; one reproduces through sexual reproduction, the other through parthenogenesis. Initially, the parthenogenetic fish are a larger population when the pond is first studied. However, researchers soon observe that the parthenogenetic fish are more frequent hosts for a new blood-borne parasite than the sexually reproducing fish. As a result, the sexually reproducing population increases and the parthenogenetic population decreases.
Which of the following best explains the reason for the shift in population numbers?

A
Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation. Some individuals in the sexually reproducing population will be adapted to a change in environment, in this case, the addition of a new parasite. These individuals will survive and reproduce at a higher rate than those affected by the parasite.

B
The asexual fish are more susceptible to the parasites because they are an all female population, and typically less aggressive. The sexually reproducing population is protected by aggressive adult males fighting off the invading parasites.

C
The asexually reproducing fish are intentionally reducing their population density as a mechanism to slow the spread of the parasite.

D
The sexually reproducing population can reproduce faster than the parthenogenesis population, allowing them to produce so much offspring that not all can be affected by the new parasite.

Solution

Parthenogenetic fish are produced by asexual reproduction. Hence, genetic variation does not takes place in them. Whereas fishes that are produced sexually increases genetic variation. Due to genetic variation, this population can adapt to changing environment. When the pond is infected by blood-borne parasite, parthenogenetic fish could not adapt to this changed environment. However, fishes produced sexually will adapt to it. Due to genetic variation, it will survive and reproduce at a higher rate.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation. Some individuals in the sexually reproducing population will be adapted to a change in environment, in this case, the addition of a new parasite. These individuals will survive and reproduce at a higher rate than those affected by the parasite.'
Question 8
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Which of the following statement is true?
A) Sexual receptivity occurs all through the menstrual cycle.
B) Estrus prepares the female reproductive tract for copulation.
C) The hypertrophic lining is sloughed off as menstrual flow.

A
Only A

B
Both A and B

C
Both A and C

D
Both B and C

Solution

Sexual receptivity is the stage when the female accepts the sperms for fertilization during the process of intercourse. The female becomes sexually receptive during the estrus phase of the menstrual cycle.
There are two phases in the animals called as the estrus and the non-estrus phase in the reproductive cycle. The estrus is the receptive phase fro the females. This is the period when the female reproductive tract is ready for accepting the sperms for fertilization.
The uterus is prepared for implantation by proliferation of the cells. This hypertrophic lining is removed and shed during the menstrual flow, if the egg does not gets fertilized.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
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Identify from the following group of animals, which exhibit estrous cycle.

A
Lion, deer, dog and cow

B
Cow, monkey, elephant and ape

C
Monkey, ape, man and elephant

D
Lion, dog, monkey and ape
Solution
- Lion, deer, dog, and cow are the animals that exhibit estrous cycle.
- It is the main reproductive cycle in non-primates vertebrates.
- The estrous cycle is the reproductive cycle during which the female is sexually receptive and under the influence of estrogen, gonadotropin hormones, and ovarian follicular hormone.
- So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Proestrus bleeding in dogs is caused due to

A
Increase of the estradiol-17 hormone

B
Inflammatory response of WBC

C
Ovulation

D
All of the above

Solution

The reproductive cycle of the non primate females is called estrous cycle. It can be divided into four phases: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. Proestrus stage is the building up phase. There is bleeding found in dogs during the proestrus phase. There is increase in the level of estradiol-17 hormone. This results in the movement or diapedesis of the red blood cells in the blood vessels which causes bleeding.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 68

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Reproduction in Organisms Test - 68

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

P reproduces vegetatively by underground stem called rhizome

Q reproduces asexually by buds on its leaves

R reproduces by the process of fragmentation

S reproduces by the process of budding

Solution

Question 2

Internal fertilization- Fertilization inside the female body, External fertilization- Fertilization outside the female body.

Internal fertilization- Fertilization outside the female body, External fertilization- Fertilization inside the female body.

Internal fertilizatlon- Chances of the survival of the offspring are more, External fertilization- Chances of survival of the offspring are less.

Both A and C

Solution

Question 3

Identical twins

Fraternal twins

Callus

Clones

Solution

Question 4

(A)- (III), (B)- (IV), (C)- (V), (D)- (I)

(A)- (V), (B)- (III), (C)- (II), (D)- (IV)

(A)- (II), (B)- (IV), (C)- (I), (D)- (V)

(A)- (I), (B)- (V), (C)- (II), (D)- (III)

Solution

Question 5

Spermatozoa of different earthworms are different.

Spermatozoa and ova mature at different times in the same earthworm.

Ova from other earthworms may be larger.

Sperm and ova from the same earthworm cannot fertilize.

Solution

Question 6

The daughter cells of Amoeba and the bud of yeast are smaller than their respective parent cells.

The daughter cells of Amoeba and the bud of Yeast are of the same size as their respective parent cells.

The daughter cells of Amoeba are bigger than the parent cells but bud of yeast is smaller than the parents.

The daughter cells of Amoeba are smaller than the parents but bud of yeast is larger than the parents.

Solution

Question 7

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation. Some individuals in the sexually reproducing population will be adapted to a change in environment, in this case, the addition of a new parasite. These individuals will survive and reproduce at a higher rate than those affected by the parasite.

The asexual fish are more susceptible to the parasites because they are an all female population, and typically less aggressive. The sexually reproducing population is protected by aggressive adult males fighting off the invading parasites.

The asexually reproducing fish are intentionally reducing their population density as a mechanism to slow the spread of the parasite.

The sexually reproducing population can reproduce faster than the parthenogenesis population, allowing them to produce so much offspring that not all can be affected by the new parasite.

Solution

Question 8

Only A

Both A and B

Both A and C

Both B and C

Solution

Question 9

Lion, deer, dog and cow

Cow, monkey, elephant and ape

Monkey, ape, man and elephant

Lion, dog, monkey and ape

Solution

Question 10

Increase of the estradiol-17 hormone

Inflammatory response of WBC

Ovulation

All of the above

Solution

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