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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 13

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 13
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is put into Anaerobic sludge digester for further sewage treatment?
    Solution
    Activated sludge is put into anaerobic digester for further sewage treatment. It contains biological flocs that contain bacteria and protozoa for further digestion of organic wastes under aerobic conditions.
    So, the correct answer is 'Activated sludge'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Cultivation of Bt cotton has been much in the news. The prefix "Bt" means
    Solution
    Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium that produces crystals during sporulation. These crystals comprise ~130 kDa protoxins called as crystal proteins which are potent and highly specific insecticides. Once ingested by specific host, these crystals dissolve in the alkaline conditions of the gut thereby activating the protoxins. The active toxins then bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells, become inserted into the plasma membrane where they form pores leading to cell death through osmotic lysis. This special feature of Bt toxin was explored in genetic engineering to produce genetically modified variety of cotton known as "Bt cotton" which produce the insecticide. Option D is the correct answer.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is a matching pair of a drug and its category?
    Solution
    Amphetamine is an antisleep drug, which stimulates CNS. Lysergic acid diethyamide (LSD) is the most potent hallucinogen. 
    Benzodiazepam is a sedative, which switches of the CNS and is antianxiety. Heroin is a psychotropic drug, which acts on the brain and alters behavior, consciousness and capacity of perception.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The carnivorous fish Gambusia, introduced in the lakes, ponds, etc., control a deadly disease in India, feeds on the larvae of ?
    Solution
    • Gambusia affinis, a native of the coastal waters of the United States from New Jersey southwards, was introduced into India about 40 years ago from Italy and Thailand. 
    • The species can successfully survive in overcrowding conditions. 
    • Found in freshwater, brackish water, and salt marshes with high salinity. 
    • It feeds on aquatic and terrestrial insects. 
    • A single carnivorous fish that can consume mosquito larvae of Anopheles equal to its own weight each day and hence, known as mosquito fish.

    So, the correct answer is 'Anopheles'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Pollution from animal excreta and organic waste from kitchen can be most profitably minimized by 
    Solution
    Animal excreta and kitchen wastes are the biodegradable waste and can be reduced when it is exposed to moisture and sunlight by the process of anaerobic fermentation. This happens due to the bacteria present in the matter which acts in the absence of oxygen. As a result, a lot of methane and nitrous oxide is produced and released into the atmosphere. Biogas is the result of this decay and it is an energy source. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Select the correct statement.
    Solution
    1. Penicillium notatum restricts the growth of Staphylococci. 
    2. Acetobacter aceti produces acetic acid. 
    3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for the commercial production of ethanol and in baking. 
    4. Streptococcus produces streptokinase which is modified by genetic engineering to be used as a 'clot buster' for removing clots from the blood vessels of patients who have undergone myocardial infarction leading to a heart attack. 
    5. Bacteria that produce methane are collectively called methanogens, and one such common bacterium is Methanobacterium. 
    6. These bacteria are commonly found in the anaerobic sludge during sewage treatment.

    So, the correct answer is 'Penicillium notatum restricts the growth of Staphylococci.'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    By all of the following ways, bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic, except - 
    Solution
    • Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antibiotics.
    • Bacteria can become resistant to the antibiotic by either producing enzymes or forming an impermeable capsule and modifying the target of the drug. 
    • But, not by moving away from the drug. 

    Thus, the correct answer is D.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Azolla is used as a biofertilizer, because it
    Solution
    Azolla can be used as a biofertilizer as cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria live in symbiotic association with the roots. As a result, Azolla-Anabaena can fix almost three times more atmospheric nitrogen than legumes. Typical rates for legumes are 400 kg of nitrogen per hectare per year those for Azolla-Anabaena are 1100 kg of nitrogen per hectare per year.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is regarded as a biofertilizer?
    Solution
    Cyanobacteria either free-living or symbiotic are considered as biofertilizer because they fix atmospheric nitrogen in term of nitrates and nitrites by a biological process like Rhizobium.
    Blue-green algae belonging to a general Cyanobacteria genus, Nostoc or Anabaena fix atmospheric nitrogen and are used as inoculations for paddy crop grown both under upland and lowland conditions. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following antibiotics is not correctly matched with the source from which it is obtained?
    Solution
    Streptomycin is obtained from Streptomyces griseus. It is found useful in the treatment of meningitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis and local infections. 
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