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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 19

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Microbes in Human Welfare Test - 19
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following symbiotic association is useful as biofertilizer?
    Solution
    Biofertilizers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of soil. The main sources of biofertilizers are bacteria, fungi, and cynobacteria (blue-green algae). The most  striking relationship that these have with plants is symbiosis, in which the partners derive benefits from each other. Plants have a number of relationships with fungi, bacteria, and algae, the most common of which are with mycorrhiza, rhizobium, and cyanophyceae. These are known to deliver a number of benefits including plant nutrition, disease resistance, and tolerance to adverse soil and climatic conditions. These techniques have proved to be successful biofertilizers, that form a healthy relationship with the roots. Examples of symbiotic association used as a biofertilizers are Rhizobium and leguminous roots, Azolla and Anabaena etc.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Biodegradable pollutant among the following is _______.
    Solution
    • A degradable pollutant is a pollutant, which degrades after some time either automatically (e.g., by heat) or through the agency of microorganisms e.g., sewage, livestock wastes, garbage, etc. 
    • The wastewater generated from the homes and factories is known as 'Sewage' which is rich in organic substances and thus biodegradable.

    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Product of which of the following organisms has been commercialized as blood cholesterol lowering agent?
    Solution
    • Trichoderma polysporum is the fungus used for commercial production of Cyclosporin A, which is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients,
    • Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as baker's yeast is the most common yeast species in bread and in sourdoughs. 
    • Aspergillus niger is one of the most important fungi used to produce extracellular (food) enzymes and citric acid. 
    • Red yeast rice is a Chinese fermented rice product that improves blood circulation by decreasing cholesterol and triglyceride levels in humans as it produces blood-cholesterol lowering agents called statins.
    • Monascus purpureus is a fungus used in the production of red yeast rice.

    So the correct answer is option D.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Stoppage of reproduction in an organism by creating hurdle in its biology or physiology or its destruction by use of another organism is known as
    Solution
    • Biological control is keeping the population of an organism or harmful pests and weeds under check by means of natural predators, parasites, and amensals. 
    • Trichoderma species are free-living fungi found in the root ecosystem these are effective as biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.
    • The bacteria which belong to the genus Coccobacillus are comparatively more pathogenic to insects and hence used for biological control. 

    So, the correct answer is 'Biological control'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    When a natural predator applied on the other pathogenic organisms to control them, this process is called as
    Solution
    Biological control is a component of an integrated pest management strategy. Biological control is keeping the population of organisms or harmful pests and weeds under check by means of natural predators and parasites.
    so, the correct answer is 'Biological control'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Antibiotic inhibits the growth or kills
    Solution
    A chemical substance or toxins produced by organisms such as bacteria or fungi is used to kill or reduce the growth of other pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and fungi, known as an antibiotic. It interferes with a particular step of cellular metabolism, causing either bactericidal or bacteriostatic inhibition. These are also called antimicrobial agents. Certain antibiotics destroy the bacteria and fungi by the disintegration of the bacterial and fungal cell walls. Some of the antibiotics inhibit DNA replication or translation of proteins. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The common Nitrogen-fixer in paddy fields is
    Solution
    • Azospirillum is a microaerophilic nitrogen fixer commonly found in association with the roots of cereals and grasses of interest. 
    • It colonizes the root mass and fixes nitrogen in association with plants.
    • It is the popular nitrogen-fixer used in paddy fields along with Azolla. When a small amount of it is added to the soil, it multiplies into million and is capable of providing up to 20-40kg of nitrogen per hectare per season.

    So, the correct answer is 'Azospirillum'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Some blue green algae can be used as biofertilizer as they are
    Solution
    Some blue-green algae can fix atmospheric nitrogen because they contain an O$$_{2}$$ sensitive enzyme nitrogenase. They live in close association with the roots of the plant and fix the atmospheric nitrogen into the soluble form which is utilized by the plant.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Trichoderma harzianum has proved a useful microorganism for?
    Solution
    • Trichoderma harzianum is an effective biocontrol agent against several fungal soil-borne plant pathogens. 
    • They have an inhibitory effect on the growth of the mycelium of Phytium. They suppress the growth of fungi in order to allow the plant to grow favorably.
    • However, possible adverse effects of T. harzianum on plant growth-promoting microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, might be a drawback in the use of this biocontrol agent in plant protection.

    So, the correct answer is 'Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Organic farming is the technique of raising crops through use of
    Solution
    • Organic farming is a system that involves those practices which maintain the natural fertility of the soil. 
    • It avoids or largely excludes the use of fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives and relies upon crop rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives, and a biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection.
    • Organic farming does not use plants or seeds with genetic modifications.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
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