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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 29

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 29
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which vector is used to replace defective gene in gene therapy?
    Solution
    Adenovirus vectors can be replication defective; certain essential viral genes are deleted and replaced by a cassette that expresses a foreign therapeutic gene. Such a vector are used for gene therapy, as vaccines and for cancer therapy.
    So, option D is the correct option.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    First transgenic plant released for commercial use was _____________.
    Solution
    The very first transgenic plant to be produced was a tobacco plant expressing antibiotic resistance, performed way back in 1982. Herbicide-resistant tobacco plants underwent the first field trials in 1986 in the USA and France.
    So the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    A regulatory body working under MoEF for the release of transgenic crop is ____________.
    Solution
    • The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), established under MoEF, is the regulatory body that approves and releases transgenic crops into the environment.

    So the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    First clinical application of gene therapy was used in 1992 over a four year old girl for
    Solution
    First clinical application of gene therapy was used in 1992 over a four-year-old girl for a genetic defect that left her with ADA (Adenosine deaminase deficiency), a severe immune system deficiency. The defective gene of the patient's blood cells was replaced by the functional variant. Her immune system was partially restored by the therapy. Production of the missing enzyme was temporarily stimulated, but the new cells with functional genes were not generated. She led a normal life only with the regular injections performed every two months. The effects were successful but temporary.
    So the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Genetic engineering has helped in production of
    Solution
    Genetic engineering is the transfer of DNA from one organism to another using biotechnology. Bacterial cells can be genetically modified so that they have the gene for producing human insulin. As these modified bacteria grow, they produce human insulin. This protein can be purified and supplied to diabetics.
    So the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which one of correct?
    Solution
    A. Correct option -B
    B. Explanation for correct option -B

    • According to the central dogma of molecular biology, the information flow starts from DNA, that is gene, which is a segment of DNA.
    • This is then transcribed onto a single-stranded mRNA.
    • This RNA further undergoes the translation process for the synthesis of proteins.
    • However, the genes required for a particular function are not transcribed by all cells of the body although they are present.
    • Thus, the gene for insulin expression is present in the beta cells of the islet of the pancreas and not other cells of the body. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    A genetic disorder can be cured through 
    Solution
    Gene therapy replaces a faulty gene or adds a new gene in an attempt to cure disease or improve your body's ability to fight disease. Gene therapy holds promise for treating a wide range of diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, haemophilia and AIDS.
    So the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Globular protein of ~ 6kDaconsisting of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains held by disulphide bridge is
    Solution
    Insulin is a small globular protein consist of 51 amino acids and has a mass of 5.81 kDa (~6 kDa). It is composed of two peptide chains referred to as the A chain and B chain. A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. 
    So the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements can be related to ELISA? 
    Solution
    • ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a plate-based assay technique designed for detecting and quantifying substances such as peptides, proteins, antibodies and hormones.
    • In ELISA, antigens from the sample are attached to a surface. Then, a matching antibody is applied over the surface so it can bind to the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme, and in the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. 
    • The reaction produces a detectable signal, a colour change. Hence, the statements can be related to ELISA is that It involves the addition of substrate which is converted into the coloured end product.
    So, the correct answer is 'It involves the addition of substrate which is converted into coloured end product'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Maturation of proinsulin into insulin takes place after
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