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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 36

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 36
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Golden rice is _____________________.
    Solution
    Golden rice is a transgenic variety of rice (Oryza Sativa) which contains good quantities of $$\beta$$-carotene ( provitamin A- inactive state of vitamin A). $$\beta$$-carotene is a principle source of vitamin A. Since the grains (seeds) of the rice are yellow in colour due to $$\beta$$-carotene, the rice is commonly called golden rice. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    NaCl is harmful to most crop plants. A scientist at the University of Toronto genetically modified a plant so that it could be grown in dry parts of the world where the available water has a high level of NaCl. This genetically modified plant copes with the high levels of NaCl by transporting salt into its vacuoles where it accumulates to abnormally high levels. Which feature would be observed in the genetically modified plant when compared to a non-modified plant?
    Solution
    Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop the flow of pure water or solvent into a solution across a partially permeable membrane. Water moves from a region of low osmotic pressure to a region of high osmotic pressure. As high leaves of NaCl is accumulated in the cells, of modified plant the osmotic pressure of cytosol is increased. Accumulation of salts in vacuoles causes compartmentalization of salts away from the cytosol and protects cytosol from the harmful effects of the high salt concentration. 
    So, the correct answer is 'The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure.'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The trigger for activation of toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is _____________.
    Solution
    The Bt toxin proteins exist as inactive protoxins but once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the alimentary canal.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following types of ELISA contain the following steps?
    Antigen binding, Blocking, Primary antibody, Secondary antibody. Enzyme-linked antibody, Substrate, Colorimetric reading ( Represented in diagram).

    Solution
    Sandwich ELISA is a less common variant of ELISA, but is highly efficient in sample antigen detection. The sandwich ELISA quantify antigens between two layers of antibodies. The antigen to be measured must contain at least two epitopes capable of binding to two antibodies. The basic steps involved are as follows:
    (i) Plate is coated with capture antibody.
    (ii)  Sample is added, and any antigen present in the sample binds to capture antibody.
    (iii) Detecting antibody is added, and binds to antigen.
    (iv) Enzyme-linked secondary antibody is added that binds to detecting antibody.
    (v) Substrate is added which gets converted by enzyme to detectable colour product that can be measured through colorimeter.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of __________.
    Solution
    The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-years old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzyme is very important for the immune system to function. ADA deficiency can lead to severe combined immune deficiency (SCID).
    Thus, the correct answer is (D).
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    "Introduction of a normal functional gene into cells, in order to replace defective or mutated gene'." is known as 
    Solution
    Introduction of a normal functional gene into cells, in order to replace defective or mutated gene is known as gene therapy. It is also called as gene transfer. It is done to correct genetic disorders. Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity. Biopiracy is the practice of exploiting indigenous knowledge of nature, originating with indigenous peoples without compensation to the indigenous people. Biopatent is a patent granted by the government to the inventor of biological entities.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Gene therapy.'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following bacteria is used for production of transgenic plants?
    Solution
    Bt corn varieties, for example, contain a gene from a bacterium found in the soil that causes the transgenic corn to produce an insecticidal protein.
    So, the correct option is 'Bacillus thuringiensis'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Basic principle of developing transgenic plants and animals is to introduce the gene of interest into the nucleus of
    Solution
    The principle of developing transgenic plants and animals is to introduce the gene of interest into the nucleus to germ cell.
    So, the correct option is 'Germ cell'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Saffron and beetroot plant extract can be used as
    Solution
    Saffron is extracted from the dried stigmas of the saffron plant . It's main use is in the spice industry .While , the Beetroot is the taproot of the bet plant . It is widely used as in food and salads . Although these are also used as a medicine and a flavouring agent . 
    So the correct option is ' Natural additives to enhance the colour of food ' .
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is an example of molecular farming?
    Solution
    Production of hirudin from Brassica nupus seeds involved molecular farming achieved through seed-specific expression of the hirudin(an anticoagulant found in leeches) and oleosin(a protein in seed) fusion mRNA. The fusion protein was targeted to the oil body membrane of the seed and separated and extracted from the majority of other seed proteins by flotation centrifugation. All done using rDNA and molecular farming technology.
    So, the correct  option is 'Production of hirudin from Brassica napus seeds'
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