Biotechnology and its Applications Test

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 39

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Read the following statements and choose the correct statements.

(i) Gene therapy has been tested on a large number of patients with a wider variety of inherited genetic disorders, and in numerous cases it has produced a complete cure.
(ii) Genetic engineering has been used to produce insulin for curing the diabetes.
(iii) DNA hybridization is the base pairing of DNA from two different sources
(iv) Genetic engineering is a technique of plant breeding.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(ii) and (iii)

C
(i), (ii) and (iii)

D
All of these

Solution

Gene therapy: It is a technique that promises that no drugs will be required to cure or prevent the disease as disease causing gene will be manipulated. The technique involves insertion of normal gene by a vector into the genome of the organism with altered or mutated gene. No genetic disease has yet been treated by gene therapy.
Genetic engineering: The technique of producing desired traits in the organism is genetic engineering. A gene of interest is inserted into plasmid to construct recombinant DNA and made to multiply in yeast or bacterial cell. The multiple copy of gene in the bacteria produce insulin.
DNA hybridization: The sequence of interest of DNA will get hybridized with the given sequence of DNA of the different organism. DNA hybridization takes place at incubation temperature of 65 degrees. It is used to measure the similarity at gene level between two organisms.

So, the correct option is option B.
Question 2
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The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of:

A
AIDS

B
Cancer

C
Cystic fibrosis

D
SCID (Servere Combined Immuno Deficiency)

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option: (D)}$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ SCID (Severe Combined Immuno deficiency disorder) is a disorder caused due to deletion of gene that codes for enzyme adenosine deaminase.

$$\bullet$$ Adenosine deaminase is very important for functioning of immune system and in absence of this enzyme, lymphocyte proliferation (division) does not occur. As a result body of the patient becomes immuno deficient and the patient suffers from many opportunistic viral and bacterial infections.

$$\bullet$$ The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a four year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.
Question 3
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What is the most important factor for the growth of pests in stored grains?

A
The moisture of grains

B
The temperature of grains

C
The moisture and temperature of grains

D
None of the above

Solution

The most important factor for the growth of pests in the stored grains is the presence of moisture and the temperature. The pests prefer damp grain and low temperatures for the growth.
So the correct option is C
Question 4
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"Ethical Sequence" refers to the philosophy of?

A
Limitation on freedom of speech.

B
Limitation on freedom of action.

C
Limitation on freedom of benefits.

D
Limitation on freedom of interest deduction.

Solution

"Ethical Sequence" means the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad and morally right and wrong. This refers to the philosophy of limitation on freedom of action. Thus the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
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C-peptide of human insulin is:

A
A part of mature insulin molecule.

B
Responsible for formation of disulphide bridges.

C
Removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.

D
Responsible for its biological activity.

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option: (C) }$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ In mammals including humans, insulin is initially synthesized as a pro-hormone and it needs to be processed so that it become mature and functional.

$$\bullet$$ This pro-hormone (pro-insulin) contains an extra polypeptide chain called the C peptide along with A and B polypeptides.

$$\bullet$$ This C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
Question 6
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Golden rice is:

A
A variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China.

B
Long stored rice having yellow colour tint.

C
A transgenic rice having gene for beta carotene.

D
Wild variety of rice with yellow coloured grains.

Solution

A transgenic rice having gene for beta carotene is called golden rice due to its colour. This strain of Oryza sativa is developed to tackle the vitamin A deficiency in nutrient deficient population.
So, the correct answer is 'A transgenic rice having gene for beta carotene.'
Question 7
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Transgenic plants are

A
Produced by a somatic embryo in an artificial medium.

B
Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant form.

C
Produced after protoplast fusion in an artificial medium.

D
Grown in an artificial medium after hybridization in the field.

Solution

A transgenic plant is a plant, with an insertion of DNA from another organism. This technology can be used as a tool for researchers to insert useful genes as a means of improving crops.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
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Multiple Choice Question
Which one of the following is now being commercially produced by biotechnological procedures?

A
Nicotine

B
Morphine

C
Quinine

D
Insulin

Solution

Biotechnology refers to technology used to manipulate DNA. The procedures are often referred to as genetic engineering. DNA is the genetic material of all living organisms and all organisms use the same genetic code. Genes from one kind of organism can be transcribed and translated when put into another kind of organism. For example, human and other genes are routinely put into bacteria in order to synthesize products for medical treatment and commercial use. Human insulin, human growth hormone, and vaccines are produced by bacteria.
Question 9
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Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially.
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors.
(iii) Purification of humulin.
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid.
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli.
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.

A
(ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v), (vi)

B
(i), (iii), (v), (vi), (ii), (iv)

C
(i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)

D
(iii), (v), (ii), (i), (vi), (iv)

Solution

The steps involved in the production of humulin are:
(I) RNA is collected for cells that produce insulin.
(ii) The RNAs are converted to cDNA by reverse transcriptase.
(iii) The cDNA is fused to a strong promoter.
(iv) The fused gene is inserted into a microorganism.
(v) The microorganisms are grown under conditions where they will produce protein.
(vi) The protein is separated from the cells and medium and purified.
Thus, the correct answer is (C).
Question 10
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Humulin is

A
A form of chitin

B
A powerful antibiotic

C
A new digestive enzyme

D
Human insulin

Solution

Humulin was the first medication produced using modern genetic engineering techniques in which actual human DNA is inserted into a host cell (E. coli). The host cells are then allowed to grow and reproduce normally, and due to the inserted human DNA, they produce a synthetic version of human insulin.

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 39

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 39

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Question 1

(i) and (ii)

(ii) and (iii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

All of these

Solution

Question 2

AIDS

Cancer

Cystic fibrosis

SCID (Servere Combined Immuno Deficiency)

Solution

Question 3

The moisture of grains

The temperature of grains

The moisture and temperature of grains

None of the above

Solution

Question 4

Limitation on freedom of speech.

Limitation on freedom of action.

Limitation on freedom of benefits.

Limitation on freedom of interest deduction.

Solution

Question 5

A part of mature insulin molecule.

Responsible for formation of disulphide bridges.

Removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.

Responsible for its biological activity.

Solution

Question 6

A variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China.

Long stored rice having yellow colour tint.

A transgenic rice having gene for beta carotene.

Wild variety of rice with yellow coloured grains.

Solution

Question 7

Produced by a somatic embryo in an artificial medium.

Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant form.

Produced after protoplast fusion in an artificial medium.

Grown in an artificial medium after hybridization in the field.

Solution

Question 8

Nicotine

Morphine

Quinine

Insulin

Solution

Question 9

(ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v), (vi)

(i), (iii), (v), (vi), (ii), (iv)

(i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)

(iii), (v), (ii), (i), (vi), (iv)

Solution

Question 10

A form of chitin

A powerful antibiotic

A new digestive enzyme

Human insulin

Solution

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