Biotechnology and its Applications Test

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Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 44

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Humulin is

A
A form of chitin

B
Human insulin

C
A powerful antibiotic

D
An enzyme

Solution

Humulin R U-100 is a polypeptide hormone structurally identical to human insulin synthesized through rDNA technology in a special non-disease-producing laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria. Eli Lilly marketed the first such insulin, Humulin, in 1982. Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is a disadvantage of genetically modified plants?

A
Absence of flowers

B
Sterility of seeds

C
Inability to produce seeds

D
All of the above

Solution

The terminator technology produces genetically modified plants that have sterile seeds, which do not flower or grow fruit after the initial planting. GMO seeds have been called suicide seeds or terminator seeds because they have an approximate termination date so that farmers have to keep purchasing new seed from the companies that make them.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
1 / -0

The first hormone artificially produced by culturing bacteria is

A
Insulin

B
Thyroxine

C
Testosterone

D
Adrenalin

Solution

Human insulin is the synthetic insulin which is grown in the laboratories. Human insulin is laboratory created by growing insulin proteins within E.coli bacteria (Escherichia coli). The newly constructed plasmids containing the transplanted genetic material are introduced into a benign E. coli bacterial strain. Once inside the bacteria, the genes are activated by the bacteria to form the protein chains found in insulin
So, the correct answer is 'Insulin'
Question 4
1 / -0

Genetically engineered bacteria have been used in the commercial production of

A
Thyroxine

B
Testosterone

C
Human insulin

D
Melatonin

Solution

Human insulin is now produced by help genetically engineered bacteria with insulin producing genes from human inserted into a vector DNA and introduced in a host bacterium E.coli for insulin production.
So the correct answer is "Human insulin".
Question 5
1 / -0

Identify the correct pair of combinations.
I Parbhani Kranti Resitance to virus Bhindi
II Pusa Gaurav Resistance to aphids Mustard
III Pusa Sadabahar Resistance to fruit borer Cow pea
IV Pusa Shubhra Resistance to white rust Cauliflower

A
II, III

B
II, IV

C
I, II

D
I,III

Solution

Parbhani kranti is a yellow vein mosaic resistant variety of lady'sfinger or Okra or bhindi.
Pusa gaurav is a variety of Brassica (mustard) resistant to aphids.
Pusa Sadabahar is a perennial multiple disease-tolerant chilli variety.
Pusa shubhra is a variety of cauliflower resistant to black rot and curd blight diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Question 6
1 / -0

The transgenic animals are generally produced for all of the following needs, except

A
Testing of chemical safety

B
Testing of vaccine safety

C
Stimulation of pathogenicity

D
Production of pharmacologically important proteins

Solution

The transgenic animals are used for various biotechnological purposes. They are used for testing of chemical safety, vaccine safety. They are used in production of pharmacologically important proteins. They are never used in stimulation of pathogenicity.
So, the correct answer is 'Stimulation of pathogenicity'
Question 7
1 / -0

Some of the steps involved in the production of humulin are given below. Choose the correct sequence.
I. Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially
II. Culturing recombinant E.coli in bioreactors
III. Purification of humulin
IV. Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid
V. Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli
VI. Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli

A
I, IV, V, II, VI, III

B
III, V, II, I, VI, IV

C
II, I, IV, III, V, VI

D
I, III, V, VI, II, IV

Solution

The first step of manufacturing humulin is to chemically synthesise the DNA chains that carry the specific nucleotide sequences characterising the A and B polypeptide chains of insulin. The required DNA sequence can be determined because the amino acid compositions of both chains have been charted. Sixty three nucleotides are required for synthesising the A chain and ninety for the B chain, plus a codon at the end of each chain,signalling the termination of protein synthesis. An anti-codon, incorporating the amino acid, methionine, is then placed at the beginning of each chain, which allows the removal of the insulin protein from the bacterial cell's amino acids. The synthetic A and B chain genes are then separately inserted into the gene for a bacterial enzyme, B-galactosidase, which is carried in the vector's plasmid. At this stage, it is crucial to ensure that the codons of the synthetic gene are compatible with those of the B-galactosidase. The recombinant plasmids are then introduced into E. coli cells. The protein which is formed, consists partly of B-galactosidase, joined to either the A or B chain of insulin. The A and B chains are then extracted from the B-galactosidase fragment and purified. The two chains are mixed and reconnected in a reaction that forms the disulfide cross bridges, resulting in pure humulin, synthetic human insulin.
Question 8
1 / -0

The two polypeptides of human insulin linked together by

A
Hydrogen bonds

B
Phosphodiester bond

C
Covalent bond

D
Disulphide bridges

Solution

Insulin is composed of two peptide chains referred to as the A chain and B chain. A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain of 30 amino acids.
Question 9
1 / -0

The figure above illustrates gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
Human insulin, a protein hormone that controls blood sugar levels, and many other eukaryotic proteins can be mass-produced by inserting eukaryotic genes into bacteria.

If an unaltered gene for human insulin was inserted into the DNA of a bacteria cell, how would the expression of the insulin gene be affected?

A
The insulin protein produced in the prokaryotic cell would be non-functional in humans because it would contain extra amino acids due to a lack of mRNA processing in prokaryotic cells.

B
The insulin protein produced in the prokaryotic cell would be the same is it is in eukaryotic cells because protein synthesis is identical in all living things.

C
Transcription would be different in prokaryotic cells, but the translation would be identical to eukaryotic cells, so there would be no differences between insulin produced in prokaryotic cells and insulin produced in eukaryotic cells.

D
Since bacteria have smaller ribosomes, the rate of insulin production would be much higher, and the accuracy of amino acid placement would be much better.

Solution

Human insulin preparation: Insulin gene is synthesized artificially and inserted into the bacterial plasmid forming a recombinant plasmid. The recombinant plasmid is re-inserted into the bacterial cells and the insulin gene is expressed when the bacteria undergo translation(a process which converts RNA to protein). In this manner, large quantities of bacterial cells are cultured in the bioreactors and then purified to get the final product.
When the insulin gene is artificially synthesized to be inserted into the bacterial plasmid, all the non-functional coding regions are pre-removed as the prokaryotic cell (bacteria) does not have the m-RNA processing mechanism. So, if the unaltered insulin(where the non-coding regions are not removed) is inserted into the bacteria, the insulin produced would be non-functional as it would contain extra amino acids from the non-coding regions.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following is an example of molecular farming?

A
Production of Flavr Savr tomato

B
Production of hirudin from Brassica nupus seeds

C
Cultivation of golden rice

D
Cultivation of transgenic tobacco plants

Solution

Production of hirudin from Brassica nupus seeds involved molecular farming achieved through seed-specific expression of the hirudin(an anticoagulant found in leeches) and oleosin(a protein in seed) fusion mRNA. The fusion protein was targeted to the oil body membrane of the seed and separated and extracted from the majority of other seed proteins by flotation centrifugation. All done using rDNA and molecular farming technology.

So, the correct option is 'Production of hirudin from Brassica napus seeds'

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

I	Parbhani Kranti	Resitance to virus	Bhindi
II	Pusa Gaurav	Resistance to aphids	Mustard
III	Pusa Sadabahar	Resistance to fruit borer	Cow pea
IV	Pusa Shubhra	Resistance to white rust	Cauliflower

Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 44

Result

Biotechnology and its Applications Test - 44

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

A form of chitin

Human insulin

A powerful antibiotic

An enzyme

Solution

Question 2

Absence of flowers

Sterility of seeds

Inability to produce seeds

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Insulin

Thyroxine

Testosterone

Adrenalin

Solution

Question 4

Thyroxine

Testosterone

Human insulin

Melatonin

Solution

Question 5

II, III

II, IV

I, II

I,III

Solution

Question 6

Testing of chemical safety

Testing of vaccine safety

Stimulation of pathogenicity

Production of pharmacologically important proteins

Solution

Question 7

I, IV, V, II, VI, III

III, V, II, I, VI, IV

II, I, IV, III, V, VI

I, III, V, VI, II, IV

Solution

Question 8

Hydrogen bonds

Phosphodiester bond

Covalent bond

Disulphide bridges

Solution

Question 9

The insulin protein produced in the prokaryotic cell would be non-functional in humans because it would contain extra amino acids due to a lack of mRNA processing in prokaryotic cells.

The insulin protein produced in the prokaryotic cell would be the same is it is in eukaryotic cells because protein synthesis is identical in all living things.

Transcription would be different in prokaryotic cells, but the translation would be identical to eukaryotic cells, so there would be no differences between insulin produced in prokaryotic cells and insulin produced in eukaryotic cells.

Since bacteria have smaller ribosomes, the rate of insulin production would be much higher, and the accuracy of amino acid placement would be much better.

Solution

Question 10

Production of Flavr Savr tomato

Production of hirudin from Brassica nupus seeds

Cultivation of golden rice

Cultivation of transgenic tobacco plants

Solution

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