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Organisms and Populations Test - 20

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Organisms and Populations Test - 20
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    An association between two individuals or populations where both are benefitted and neither can survive without the other is _____.
    Solution
    • Mutualism is a mutually beneficial relationship between individuals of two different species. Neither of the two is capable of living separately e.g., Nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria living in root nodules of leguminous plants.
    • Protocooperation is a non-obligatory mutually beneficial relationship. E.g. Hermit crab and sea anemone.
    • In commensalism is an interaction in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed, e.g., Barnacles are often attached to the surface of whales for shelter and obtaining more food.
    • In ammensalism without deriving much benefit, one organism inhibits the other by secreting allochemics. The phenomenon is called antibiosis e.g., Trichoderma checks the growth of Aspergillus.
    • Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Match the following with the correct combination.

      Column I                           Column II
    A Mutualism                 1. Tiger and deer
    B Commensalism        2. Cuscuta on Cissus
    C Parasitism                 3. Sucker fish and shark
    D Predation                  4. Crab and sea anemone
    Solution
    • Crab and sea anemone show mutualism in which hermit crab gets protection and sea anemone move from place to place.
    • Sucker fish (Echeneis) and shark show commensalism. Sucker fish has a sucker or holdfast, which is a modified dorsal fin. It attaches to the underside of the shark and therefore remains protected. The fish obtains its food from small pieces of leftover when the shark is feeding on its prey.
    • Cuscuta is an angiosperm, which is a total stem parasite on Cissus and other plants.
    • Tiger is a natural predator of deer and kills deer to feed on it.
    • So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Barnacles growing on the back of whale is an example for
    Solution
    • Mutualism is a mutually beneficial relationship between individuals of two different species. None of the two is capable of living separately. For example, nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria living in root nodules of leguminous plants.
    • Commensalism is an interaction in which one organism is benefited and the other is neither benefited nor harmed. For example, Barnacles are often attached to the surface of whales for shelter and obtaining more food.
    • In amensalism without deriving many benefits, one organism inhibits the other by secreting allochemicals. The phenomenon is called antibiosis. For example, Trichoderma checks the growth of Aspergillus.
    • In parasitism, one organism called a parasite obtains nourishment and shelter from another organism called a host. e.g., Plasmodium, Trypanosoma.
    • In predation, one organism called a predator captures kills, and eats another organism called prey. Predators are generally carnivorous but some herbivorous animals which destroy whole plants or seeds are also called predators. e.g., Big cats like lions, tigers, etc.

    Therefore, the correct answer is 'Commensalism'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A bird enters the mouth of crocodile and feeds on parasitic leeches. The bird gets food and crocodile get rid of blood sucking leeches. Both the partners can live independently. Such an association is
    Solution
    Protocooperation is the interaction between two living organisms of different species in which both are mutually benefited but they can live without each other. It is the non-obligatory, mutually beneficial relationship, that develops when two different organisms get associated e.g., Oxpecker (Buphagus) feeds on skin parasites of rhinoceros and crocodile. The bird (Pluvianis) rids crocodiles of leeches sticking inside their mouth.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is incorrect?
    Solution
    Mutualism or symbiosis is the mutually beneficial interaction between organisms of two different species, with none of the two capable of living separately.  
    Mutualism and symbiosis are synonyms though symbiosis was formerly considered to be any interaction between two different organisms. Mutualism or symbiosis is generally considered to be obligatory.
    Protocooperation is the non-obligatory, mutually beneficial relationship, that develops when two different organisms get associated.
    In commensalism, one species is benefitted without the other being harmed.
    All three commensalism, protocooperation, mutualism are types of symbiosis.
    Therefore the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Association between suckerfish (Remora) and shark is 
    Solution
    Commensalism is a kind of relationship where one organism is benefited while the other is unaffected. By attaching itself to a leopard shark, Remora is carried along on the shark's power. This allows Remora to travel to different areas without having to expend its own energy to swim. The shark is completely unaffected by the Remora's presence.
    Thus, the correct answer is B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    If the strong partner is benefitted and the weak partner is damaged, it is known as
    Solution
    • In predation, one organism called a predator captures, kills, and eats another organism, called prey. 
    • Predators are generally carnivorous animals but some are herbivorous. Herbivores that destroy whole plants/seeds are also called predators e.g., birds like sparrows feeding on seeds.
    • So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is most appropriately defined?
    Solution
    In predation, one organism called as predator captures, kills and eats another organism, called as prey. Predators are generally carnivorous animals but some herbivorous which destroy whole plants/ seeds are also called predators. 
    In parasitism, one organism obtains nourishment from another organism, called as host. 
    In amensalism, one species is inhibited, while other species is neither benefited nor inhibited. Without deriving many benefits, one organism inhibits another organism by secreting allochemics. The phenomenon is called as antibiosis. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Animals having a built-in thermostat to maintain constant body temperature are known as 
    Solution
    Homeotherm is a warm-blooded animal and maintains a constant body temperature due to double circulation and homeostasis property of blood (e.g., leaves and mammals) while Poikilothermic (cold-blooded) animals do not maintain a constant body temperature e.g., amphibians and reptiles. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Myrmecophily is a beneficial association between a flowering plant and
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