Organisms and Populations Test

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Organisms and Populations Test - 42

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Question 1
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Various relationships exist between the species of a community. Answer the following question using the choices provided. The answer choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
Fleas feed on the blood and skin of organisms and may carry disease that harms the organism.

A
Mutualism

B
Commensalism

C
Predation

D
Competition

E
Parasitism

Solution

A. Mutualism is a relationship between two or more organisms in which all are benefitted by one another.
B. Commensalism is a relationship between two different organisms in which one is always benefitted while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed.
C. Predation describes the eating of one species by other.
D. Competition is a rivalry between two or more organisms for obtaining the same resources such as food, shelter, etc.
E. Parasitism is an interaction between two individuals where the parasite gets the benefit at the expense of the host.
Hence when Fleas feed on the blood and skin of organisms and may carry disease that harms the organism, this will be Parasitism.
So, the correct answer is 'Parasitism'.
Question 2
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In which type of interactions, both the interacting organisms do not live close together?

A
Predation

B
Parasitism

C
Mutualism

D
Competition

Solution

Predation is an ecological interaction between organism where they do not live close together but one hunt and feeds on another. The organism who hunts is called as predator and who are hunted by predator called as prey.
Question 3
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In an area, a population with large size individuals having long life span, more parental care and slow development was present. The type of population growth curve will be

A
S-shaped

B
J-shaped

C
Z-shaped

D
All of these
Solution
- In the given condition, the type of population growth curve will be S-shaped which is called a sigmoid curve.
- This type of growth curve represents that on introduction to a new area, the population grows slowly in the beginning followed by a sharp exponential increase in the growth rate.
- This is further followed by the stationary growth phase where the population is maintained at the constant level.
- This means that once a population achieves a maximum value it becomes stable where the growth rate is equal to the death rate.
So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
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Struggle between cow and cow for getting grass is called

A
Inter-specific struggle

B
Environmental struggle

C
Struggle against natural calamities

D
Intra-specific struggle

Solution

Competition is a type of negative interaction between individuals. Intraspecific competition or struggle is an interaction in which the members of the same species compete for limited resources. This leads to a reduction in fitness for both individuals. Interspecific competition or struggle is competitions between members of different species in an ecology.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
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The most important factor, which determined the increase in human population in India during the 20th century.

A
Natality

B
Mortality

C
Immigration

D
Emigration

Solution

Mortality is the condition being dead which decreases the population. Immigration is the action of coming population permanently and emigration is the movement of individual or population from one place to another where they settle permanently. Whereas natility is the state of being born and greatly influenced the population increase. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
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Viscum album grown on trees. This is an example of

A
Symbiosis

B
Parasitism

C
Commensalism

D
Predation
Solution
- Viscum album grows on the tree to obtain water and nutrients. Association of organisms that benefits one of the partners at the expense of others is called parasitism.
- Predation refers to feeding on other living organisms.
- Symbiosis is an association of organisms wherein both is benefitted while one organism is benefitted and the other remains unaffected in commensalism.
So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
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Biotic potential or potential natality means

A
Natural increase of population under ideal/ optimum conditions

B
Potential of organism in a biome

C
Number of organisms in a biome

D
Species of maximum number in a population

Solution

Biotic potential refers to the theoretical maximum rate of increase in population size that occurs under optimal environmental conditions. It does not refer to the number of organisms. Species of maximum number in a population is called as dominant species. So, the Correct answer is A.
Question 8
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A population growing in a habitat with limited resources shows four phases of growth in the following sequence

A
Acceleration - Deceleration - Lag phase - Asymptote

B
Asymptote - Acceleration - Deceleration - Lag phase

C
Lag phase - Acceleration - Deceleration - Asymptote

D
Acceleration - Lag phase - Deceleration - Asymptote

Solution

When the population growing in a habitat with limited resources it first increases slowly i.e., lag phase, then population grow rapidly is the acceleration phase. After acceleration phase, the rate of growth slows down and reach asymptote phase when the population density reaches carrying capacity. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
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Biotic potential refers to

A
Natural increase of population under optimum condition

B
Potential of organisms in a biome

C
Number of organisms in a biome

D
Number of organisms in a population

Solution

Biotic potential is defined as the physiological capacity of organisms to produce their offspring under natural conditions. It is also called reproductive potential of the organism in a natural environment or biomes. In nature, the biotic potential of organisms is enormous but all the organisms do not survive due to the lack of food and space. There are also a number of diseases and the predatory organisms that feed on other organisms.
Question 10
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Which of the following is correct with reference to population growth?

A

B

C

D

Solution

Immigration is the action of coming into an area from another area or country.
Natality is the ratio of the number of births to the size of the population, birth rate. Mortality is the relative frequency of deaths in a specific population, death rate. Emigration is the number of immigrants during a particular time interval. Population density is the change in population size at a given time interval. Emigration and mortality will decrease the population density whereas immigration and natality will increase the population density.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.