Organisms and Populations Test

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Organisms and Populations Test - 84

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which best illustrates the competitive exclusion principle?

A
Mushrooms grow and break down a rotting log found in a moist shady area of a forest.

B
Lichens and pioneer species are replaced by mosses and grasses, followed by tree saplings and shrubs and eventually tall deciduous trees.

C
An orchid grows upon the branches of a tree and absorbs water and minerals from rainwater runoff.

D
Three species of warblers feed on different regions of the same tree.

E
A bear catches and consumes a salmon.

Solution

According to Gause's competitive exclusion principle, two species that compete for the same resource cannot coexist.
Among all the options, three species of warblers feeding on different regions of the same tree, are showing competition as they are competing for the same resource i.e. the tree. Hence, eventually, only one of these three species is going to survive as it will eliminate other species.
So, the correct answer is 'Three species of warblers feed on different regions of the same tree'
Question 2
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The story of the Mexican cave fish, Astyanax mexicanus, an intriguing example of how environmental stressors play a role in the development, adaptability, and diversification of an organism. Shown in the image is the mexicanus species, noticeably different from its surface counterpart in that it does not have developed eyes and lacks pigmentation.
Recent findings support the idea that the cave species arose when surface fish were trapped in cave waters, raising the levels of stress in the animals. As the thinking goes, triggering stress pathways destabilize a network of proteins that normally works to stabilize phenotype, leading to altered gene expression. Such conditions will lead to increased phenotypic variation, including the development of eyes in subsequent generations.
Which of the following choices is a feasible explanation for the selective advantage of individuals with diminished or no sight?

A
Being trapped in dark cave waters would continue to elevate stress levels and lower the longevity of those individuals who have retained sight.

B
Being trapped in dark cave waters would favor individuals who did not retain sight.

C
Having a nervous system with enhanced sensory inputs that do not rely on light gives those individuals an advantage in the cave environment.

D
All the above.
Question 3
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The carrying capacity of an environment in the given population growth curve is represented by

A
I

B
II

C
III

D
IV

E
V

Solution

The first half of curve (I to III) represents the exponential growth of population while the fluctuating part (IV) represents logistic growth of the population. The solid line represents carrying capacity (V) which is the maximum size of the population of a species that a certain environment can support for an extended period of time. Once population overshoots the carrying capacity, it starts decreasing as at this point. Thus, the correct answer is E.
Question 4
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What is true about the relationship between hare and lynx if lynxes depend mainly on hares for food?

A
As the hare population decrease, the lynx population increase.

B
As the hare population decrease, the lynx population stays the same.

C
As the hare population increase, the lynx population increase.

D
As the hare population increase, the lynx population stays the same.

E
There is no relationship between the population of lynx and hares.

Solution

The crests and troughs of lynx population graph follow the crests and troughs of hare population graph. So, increase in hare population increase food availability for lynx population. This causes an increase in lynx population size. The decline is hare population causes the decline in lynx population as lynx face feed scarcity. Thus, the correct answer is C.
Question 5
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Which of the following describes a random event?

A
A group of peafowl are nesting in a forested area. During a monsoon a large chunk of wood lands on one of the peacocks.

B
A peafowl with drab coloring escapes a predator by hiding in tall grasses.

C
A tiger catches a peacock by his long, beautiful tail and eats him.

D
When a blood parasite spreads through a peafowl population, the individuals with a certain protein on their blood cell surface survive at a higher rate than those without the protein.

Solution

Piece of wood landing on a peacock during monsoon is a random event.
So, the correct answer is ,A group of peafowl are nesting in a forested area. During a monsoon a large chunk of wood lands on one of the peacocks.
Question 6
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Insects constitute the largest animal group on earth. About 25-30% of the insect species ate known to be herbivores. In spite of such huge herbivore pressure, globally, green plants have persistence. One possible reason for this persistence is:

A
Food preference of insects has tended to change with time

B
Herbivore insects have become inefficient feeders of green plants

C
Herbivore population has been kept in control by predators

D
Decline in reproduction of herbivores with time

Solution

About 25-30% of the insect population is known to be herbivore but still the green plants are persistent. The reason is that the population of the herbivorous insects is maintained constant by the predators. This prevents the complete utilization of the plants by the insects for food.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
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Mac Arthurs vision of five closely related species of warbles living on same tree were able to avoid competition and co-exist by behavioural difference. This is an example for

A
Competitive release

B
Resource partitioning

C
Competitive exclusion principle

D
Adaptive radiation

Solution

Resource partitioning is the phenomenon when there are many species living in the same region but have adapted to different resources. This causes a reduction in the fight for the same resource. When there are five closely related species of the warblers on the same tree without any competition, this type of behavioral difference is due to resource partitioning.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
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The number of children born to an average woman in a population during her entire reproductive life is called as

A
Fertility

B
Birth rate

C
Total fertility rate

D
Population growth rate
Solution
- The total fertility rate is the average number of children that would be born to a woman during her lifetime.
- The total fertility rate varies from region to region. It represents the number of children that would be born to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with current age-specific fertility rates.
- Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
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What do you means by potential natility?

A
Number of organism in a blame.

B
Natural increase of population under optimum condition/concentration.

C
Net potential of organism in a blame.

D
Maximum member of organisms in a population.
Solution
- Potential natality (biotic potential) or reproductive potential is the natality (normal birth rate) under
- The optimum condition and the actual birth rate under the existing condition are called realized natality.
  
  Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

Connel's field experiment on the rocky sea coast of Scotland, where larger Barnacle balanus dominates the intertidal area and removes the smaller Barnacle cathamalus. This happened due to.

A
Predation

B
Competition

C
Parasitism

D
Mutualism

Solution

Connel's field experiment on the rocky sea coast of Scotland, where larger Barnacle balanus dominates the intertidal area and removes the smaller Barnacle cathamalus. This happened due to competition for space between two species of barnacles, Balanus balanoides and Chthamalus stellatus. Though Chthamalus occupying an upper zone, and Balanus, a lower zone.
Larvae of both species settle and attach over a wider vertical range than the zone occupied by adults. But barnacles are removed because Chthamalus are more tolerant of physical desiccation than Balanus. Connell suggests that the lower limit of distribution of intertidal organisms is usually determined mainly by biotic factors, such as competition with other species and predation, whereas the upper limit is more often set by physical factors, such as dry conditions prevailing during low tides.

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Organisms and Populations Test - 84

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Organisms and Populations Test - 84

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Mushrooms grow and break down a rotting log found in a moist shady area of a forest.

Lichens and pioneer species are replaced by mosses and grasses, followed by tree saplings and shrubs and eventually tall deciduous trees.

An orchid grows upon the branches of a tree and absorbs water and minerals from rainwater runoff.

Three species of warblers feed on different regions of the same tree.

A bear catches and consumes a salmon.

Solution

Question 2

Being trapped in dark cave waters would continue to elevate stress levels and lower the longevity of those individuals who have retained sight.

Being trapped in dark cave waters would favor individuals who did not retain sight.

Having a nervous system with enhanced sensory inputs that do not rely on light gives those individuals an advantage in the cave environment.

All the above.

Question 3

I

II

III

IV

V

Solution

Question 4

As the hare population decrease, the lynx population increase.

As the hare population decrease, the lynx population stays the same.

As the hare population increase, the lynx population increase.

As the hare population increase, the lynx population stays the same.

There is no relationship between the population of lynx and hares.

Solution

Question 5

A group of peafowl are nesting in a forested area. During a monsoon a large chunk of wood lands on one of the peacocks.

A peafowl with drab coloring escapes a predator by hiding in tall grasses.

A tiger catches a peacock by his long, beautiful tail and eats him.

When a blood parasite spreads through a peafowl population, the individuals with a certain protein on their blood cell surface survive at a higher rate than those without the protein.

Solution

Question 6

Food preference of insects has tended to change with time

Herbivore insects have become inefficient feeders of green plants

Herbivore population has been kept in control by predators

Decline in reproduction of herbivores with time

Solution

Question 7

Competitive release

Resource partitioning

Competitive exclusion principle

Adaptive radiation

Solution

Question 8

Fertility

Birth rate

Total fertility rate

Population growth rate

Solution

Question 9

Number of organism in a blame.

Natural increase of population under optimum condition/concentration.

Net potential of organism in a blame.

Maximum member of organisms in a population.

Solution

Question 10

Predation

Competition

Parasitism

Mutualism

Solution

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