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Ecosystem Test - 16

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Ecosystem Test - 16
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is not a gaseous biogeochemical cycle in ecosystem?
    Solution
    The term biogeochemical cycle is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of the biosphere. 
    In gaseous cycles of matter, the materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere are gases or vapours and the reservoir pool is atmosphere or hydrosphere e.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen etc. 
    In sedimentary cycles of matter, the materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of the biosphere are non-gaseous and the reservoir pool is lithosphere e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium etc. Sulphur has both sedimentary and gaseous phases. Gaseous cycles are rapid and more perfect as compared to sedimentary cycles.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The reservoir pool for gaseous cycles of matter is
    Solution
    Biogeochemical cycles involves the exchange of minerals between abiotic and biotic components of the biosphere. It is mainly of three types hydrological, gaseous and sedimentary.
    Gaseous cycle involves the transportation of matter through the atmosphere. Some examples of the gaseous cycle are carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, oxygen cycle.
    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following ecosystem types has the highest annual net primary productivity?
    Solution
    Tropical rain forests occur over equatorial or sub-equatorial regions with abundant warmth and rainfall (200-350 cms/ year) almost throughout the year. The forests are impenetrable with maximum diversity. Productivity is also maximum- 1200 Kcal per square meter per year as compared to 2000 Kcal per square meter per year for taiga. Standing crop biomass is highest. Large quantity of nutrients remain locked in vegetation. These forests occur in Congo basin of Africa and Amazon basin in South America.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which is an example of true pyramid in an ecosystem?
    Solution
    An ecological pyramid is the graphic representation of an ecological parameter like a number, biomass and energy, sequence wise in various trophic levels of a food chain, with producers at the base, herbivores in the middle and carnivores at top tiers. 
    Pyramid of energy gives a graphic representation of the amount of energy trapped by different trophic levels per unit area. It is always upright because during transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next a lot of wastage occurs. Because pyramid of energy is always upright it is called as a true pyramid in an ecosystem. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which of the following food chains directly depend on solar radiations?
    Solution
    A grazing food chain begins with producer, then moves to primary consumer and then to secondary consumer. Producer traps solar energy and uses it to synthesize organic compounds which are used by other organisms. Thus, a grazing food chain directly depends on solar energy.
  • Question 6
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    A community which starts succession in a habitat is 
    Solution
    • Pioneer community is the first biotic community on a bare area. 
    • Plants that are first to invade the bare area are called pioneer species.
    • Usually, Lichens are the pioneers in lithosere and phytoplanktons are the pioneers in hydrosere.
    • Seral community refers to an intermediate stage during ecological succession which leads to a climax community.
    • Biotic community means the interaction of different species in an area. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The sphere of living matter together with water, air, and soil on the surface of the earth is called _______.
    Solution
    • The lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals.
    • The biosphere is a biologically inhabited part of earth along with its physical environment consisting of lower atmosphere, land, and water bodies.
    • The hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet.
    • An atmosphere is a layer of gas or layers of gases that envelope a planet and is held in place by the gravity of the planetary body.
    • So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The difference between primary succession and secondary succession is that
    Solution
    Primary succession creates a pristine habitat. It is a biotic succession that takes place in areas of volcanic eruptions, retreated glaciers and abandoned areas. Since the new habitats are created, soil is generally absent in primary succession and the pioneer species are lichens, algae and fungi along with abiotic factors like wind and water. Secondary succession, on the other hand, is a series of community changes which take place in response to a disturbance such as a forest fire, tsunami, flood, or an abandoned field.
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Pyramid of energy in a forest ecosystem is
    Solution
    • The pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy that is utilized by organisms at different trophic levels, over a period of time. 
    • It is always upright because the producers always have more energy than other trophic levels and as the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, it continuously decreases. 
    • Only 10% of the energy is passed from one trophic level to a subsequent higher trophic level and the rest of the energy is lost in the form of heat or in respiration.
    So, the correct answer is 'Always upright'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The largest biomass in food chain is present in 
    Solution

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