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Ecosystem Test - 19

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Ecosystem Test - 19
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Energy stored at the consumer level is 
    Solution
    In a food chain, energy stored at the producer level is called as primary productivity. Energy stored at the consumer level is called as secondary productivity. It is the rate of energy storage at consumer level. Consumer level includes herbivores, carnivores and decomposers. Gross primary productivity is the rate of photosynthesis. Net primary productivity is the rate of storage of organic matter except which is utilized for the respiration by plants. Net productivity is the rate of storage of organic matter which is not used by the consumers, 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Secondary productivity.'
  • Question 2
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    Which one is a sedimentary cycle?
    Solution
    There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth makes up the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. It is reservoir of phosphorus. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is sediments or sedimentary rocks. Hence, phosphorous cycle represents sedimentary type of nutrient cycle or simply sedimentary cycle.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphorous cycle.' 
  • Question 3
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    Which one statement for pyramid of energy is incorrect?
    Solution
    Pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy at different trophic level. It is always upright in shape. Only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to next trophic level. The majority of energy is lost during the transfer of energy. The base of pyramid of energy is always broad indicating maximum amount of energy at the first trophic level. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Inverted in shape.'
  • Question 4
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    Pyramid of biomass for a grazing food chain represents.
    Solution
    The biomass of the members of the food chain present at any one time forms the pyramid of the biomass. Pyramid of biomass indicates decrease of biomass in each trophic level from base to apex. For example, the total biomass of the producers ingested by herbivores is more than the total biomass of the herbivores in an ecosystem. Likewise, the total biomass of the primary carnivores (or secondary consumer) will be less man the herbivores and so on.
    So the correct option is 'gradual decrease in biomass from producers to the tertiary consumers'.
  • Question 5
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    Occurrence of relatively definite sequence of communities over a period of time in the same area is known as 
    Solution
    The standard definition of ecological succession is- The occurrence of a relatively definite sequence of communities over a period of time in the same area. It is characterized by certain interesting ecological features-
    • It is directional and orderly. Therefore, it is possible to predict possible community compositions in the future.
    • It occurs due to modification of the environment by the community itself. For example, fungus first colonizes bare rock. This fungus community begins to derive its nutrients from that rock, thereby dissolving it over time. It eventually leads to the formation of a thin layer of soil. This allows other species of plants to colonize the area, and they replace the fungus community.
    •  It culminates in a stabilized ecosystem. By stabilized, it means the ecosystem has a single dominant species, maximum possible species diversity, high biomass, and low annual yield. (Fun fact: The low annual yield is because the community is in equilibrium with itself and with the environment. Therefore, the energy produced by the ecosystem is consumed within itself. Little is left as surplus).

    So, the correct answer is 'Ecological succession'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Culmination of a succession at a stage other than the natural climax is called
    Solution
    • Disclimax is the ecological community that displaces the natural climax community due to interruptions by human activities and consists of organisms that are foreign to that region.
    • Plagioclimax is the stage when succession doesn't reach the climax and stops due to various interruptions such as destruction of vegetation.
    Hence, the culmination of succession at a stage other than natural climax can be Disclimax and Plagioclimax.
    Hence, both options B and C are correct.
    So, the correct answer is 'Both B and C'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The term succession was coined by
    Solution
    The term succession was given by Hult in 1885. Succession refers to the gradual or serial change in the biotic community in an area over the period of time, in order to sustain the highly developed climax community. The species that starts the succession is called the pioneer community. In terrestrial condition, the lichens are the pioneer while in aquatic conditions, the phytoplankton is the pioneer. Deciduous forest is climax community in the terrestrial succession. The rain forest is the climax community in the aquatic succession.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Hult (1885)'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The animal species controlling ecosystem functioning is known as 
    Solution
    • A keystone species is a plant or animal that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem function. Without keystone species, the ecosystem would be dramatically different or cease to exist altogether. Some keystone species, such as the wolf, are also apex predators.
    •  EDGE species refers to animals that are Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (hence EDGE). These species are considered to be one of a kind and, as its acronym suggests, are nearing extinction.
    • Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem.
    • Umbrella species are species selected for making conservation-related decisions, typically because protecting these species indirectly protects the many other species that make up the ecological community of its habitat.

    So, the correct answer is 'C'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Ecosystems have
    Solution
    An ecosystem consists of both biotic and abiotic components and interactions between them. When the interactions take place there must be some input of energy for example light energy is transferred to plants for performing photosynthesis and if there is an input of energy then there must be a continuous output of energy also.
    so the correct answer is 'energy inputs and outputs'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The last and stable community  is an area is called 
    Solution
    • A climax community is an ecological community in which populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment.
    • It is the final stage(last and stable) of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by an event such as fire or human interference. For example, The Daintree Rainforest in Queensland, Australia is an example of a climax forest ecosystem.
    • Hence the last and stable community is an area is called Climax community.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Climax community'.
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