Ecosystem Test

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Ecosystem Test - 21

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Question 1
1 / -0

Phosphorus cycles in the form of

A
HPO$$_3$$$$^-$$

B
P$$_2$$ (gas)

C
PO$$_4$$$$^{3-}$$

D
Al$$_2$$(PO$$_4$$)$$^{3-}$$
Solution
The basic source and the great reservoir of phosphorus are the rocks or other deposits which have been formed in the past geological ages. These are gradually eroding, releasing phosphates to the ecosystems. But, a large amount of phosphate escapes into the sea where part of it is deposited in the shallow sediments and part of it is lost to the deep sediments.
For nutrition, plants absorb water dissolved inorganic phosphates from the soil and convert these into inorganic phosphates.
The latter is transferred to animal consumers and decomposers. Phosphates absorbed from the soil in the form of H$$_2$$PO$$_4$$$$^-$$are returned to it as dead plant and animal organic residues which are converted to humus by the action of soil microorganisms.
The floating algae or phytoplankton rapidly absorb soluble inorganic phosphates and convert them into organophosphates. Algae provide food for zooplankton which in turn are consumed by other animals. All plants and animals eventually die and in due time, their organic remains or debris decay through the action of microorganisms and phosphates are released into the water for recycling.
Hence phosphorus cycles in the form of phosphates i.e. PO$$_4$$$$^{3-}$$. So, the correct answer is 'PO$$_4$$$$^{3-}$$'.
Question 2
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Which of the following cycle would be affected if decomposers of an ecosystem vanish?

A
Producer's cycle

B
Consumer's cycle

C
Decomposer's cycle

D
Biogeochemical cycle

Solution

The term biogeochemical cycles is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of biosphere. Biogenetic nutrients are essential elements required by organisms for their body building and metabolism, which are provided by earth and returned to earth after their death by the decomposition activity of decomposers. If decomposition is not carried out then biogenetic nutrients will slowly become locked up in the bodies of plants and animals and ultimately the biogeochemical cycles will stop.
Question 3
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Nitrogen is a critical element of the ecosystem because it

A
Can be fixed easily by microbes.

B
Is abundant in atmosphere.

C
Is interconvertible to different forms.

D
Both A and C
Solution
- Nitrogen is the mineral element required by plants in the largest amount.
- Plants cannot absorb nitrogen directly from the atmosphere but absorb most of the nitrogen as nitrates or nitrites from the soil.
- The soil microbes fix the nitrogen in form of nitrates and nitrites which can be easily utilised by the plant.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 4
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Sedimentary cycle having a small gaseous component also is found in

A
'P' cycle

B
'S' cycle

C
'N' cycle

D
'C' Cycle
Solution
The term biogeochemical cycle is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of biosphere.
The nutrient cycle can be gaseous cycle, in which the materials involved in circulation between living and nonliving components are gases or vapours. e.g: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
In sedimentary cycles of matter; the materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of biosphere are non gaseous e.g: phosphorous, calcium, magnesium.
Sulphur cycle has both gaseous (SO$$_2$$) and sedimentary phases.
So, the correct answer is 'S' cycle.
Question 5
1 / -0

Phosphorus is mostly found in rocks in a combination with

A
Calcium

B
Iron

C
Aluminium

D
All of the above

Solution

Phosphorus is usually present in rocks as phosphates of metals like calcium, iron and aluminium. Thus, salts like aluminium phosphate, calcium phosphate and iron phosphates are the most important reservoirs of phosphorus in nature. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

Biogeochemical cycles are of

A
Two types

B
Three types

C
Four types

D
Five types
Solution
- The term biogeochemical cycle is used for exchange or circulation of biogenetic nutrients between living and nonliving components of a biosphere.
- The Biogeochemical or nutrient cycle can be-
(A) Gaseous cycle in which the materials involved in circulation between living and nonliving components are gases or vapours. E.g., carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
(B) Sedimentary cycle of matter in which the materials involved in circulation between biotic and abiotic components of a biosphere are non-gaseous. E.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium.
(C) Hydrological cycle is the cycle where the surface water which gets evaporated due to the heat is returned back to the earth by precipitation through sequential interconvertible reactions.

So, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
1 / -0

Volcano eruption disturbs

A
Phosphorus cycle

B
Nitrogen cycle

C
Carbon cycle

D
Sulphur cycle

Solution

Phosphorus is a critical element. It is obtained from soil as orthophosphates. Organic phosphorus circulates in nature from plants to animals. Phosphate is released by decomposers back to the soil. The reservoir pool for phosphorus is phosphates in rocks from which the phosphorus is slowly transferred to cycling pool. Volcanic eruptions disturb the rock structure and composition. New rocks may be formed by solidification of molten magma and older rocks may get covered by new layers of lithosphere. This disturbs the phosphorus cycle.
Question 8
1 / -0

Burning of fossil fuels affects:

A
Nitrogen cycle

B
Carbon cycle

C
Phosphorus cycle

D
Water cycle

Solution

Carbon dioxide is being added to the atmosphere through two types of processes,
(A) Biological i.e respiration and decomposition release carbon dioxide.
(B) Non biological i.e burning of biomass and fossil fuel release a lot of carbon dioxide. Thus burning of fossil fuels affect carbon cycle of nature
So, the correct answer is option B- 'Carbon cycle'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Phosphorus cycle is

A
Gaseous cycle

B
Perfect cycle

C
Imperfect cycle

D
Partly gaseous and partly sedimentary
Solution
Phosphorus cycle is an imperfect cycle because phosphorus does not go back to the source from where it is originated, that is, plants.
A perfect cycle (e.g. the nitrogen cycle) has a readily accessible abiotic, usually gaseous, reservoir and many negative-feedback controls. By contrast, the phosphorus cycle, which has a sedimentary reservoir accessed only by slow-moving physical processes, has few biological feedback mechanisms. Human activities can disrupt these cycles, leading to pollution. Theoretically, perfect cycles are more resilient than imperfect cycles.
The phosphorus cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.
The phosphorus cycle process is as follows,
The phosphorus enters the soil and water through the weathering of rocks.
Plants take in these phosphorus ions from the soil.
The phosphates are then transferred from plants to herbivores animals.
These herbivores animals are eaten by carnivores.
The phosphates that are absorbed by the animals are returned to the soil through excretion and from decomposition of plants and dead material by microbes.
The dead plant materials and other waste products are decayed through the action of bacteria.
The phosphate is released out to the environment by this process.
The phosphate in the soil is leached out or eroded into water.
The water is again utilized by algae and plants as nutrients.
So, the correct answer is 'Imperfect cycle'
Question 10
1 / -0

Phosphorus of ocean becomes available to land plants due to

A
Sea birds

B
Deep sea activities

C
Ocean spray

D
All of these

Solution

Phosphorous circulates through hydrosphere and lithosphere. Atmospheric component is missing. Guano is the excreta of sea bird which is rich in phosphorous. The sea birds get phosphorous from fishes and other aquatic animals through diet. The excreta of these birds supplies phosphorus to plants growing on the land.

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Ecosystem Test - 21

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Ecosystem Test - 21

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

HPO$$_3$$$$^-$$

P$$_2$$ (gas)

PO$$_4$$$$^{3-}$$

Al$$_2$$(PO$$_4$$)$$^{3-}$$

Solution

Question 2

Producer's cycle

Consumer's cycle

Decomposer's cycle

Biogeochemical cycle

Solution

Question 3

Can be fixed easily by microbes.

Is abundant in atmosphere.

Is interconvertible to different forms.

Both A and C

Solution

Question 4

'P' cycle

'S' cycle

'N' cycle

'C' Cycle

Solution

Question 5

Calcium

Iron

Aluminium

All of the above

Solution

Question 6

Two types

Three types

Four types

Five types

Solution

Question 7

Phosphorus cycle

Nitrogen cycle

Carbon cycle

Sulphur cycle

Solution

Question 8

Nitrogen cycle

Carbon cycle

Phosphorus cycle

Water cycle

Solution

Question 9

Gaseous cycle

Perfect cycle

Imperfect cycle

Partly gaseous and partly sedimentary

Solution

Question 10

Sea birds

Deep sea activities

Ocean spray

All of these

Solution

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