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Ecosystem Test - 31

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Ecosystem Test - 31
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Biomass of producers within a specified area will be maximum in 
    Solution
    • Biomass is the total organic matter obtained from the living component of the trophic level. 
    • Biomass of the producer is minimum in the lake ecosystem because in the aquatic ecosystem the producers are small organisms with least biomass.
    • Forest ecosystems have the maximum biomass of producers as producers usually are trees.

    So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The efficiency of any ecosystem is best depicted by pyramid of  
    Solution
    An energy pyramid is a graphical model of energy flow in a community. Pyramid indicates not only the amount of energy flow at each level but more importantly, the actual role the various organisms play in the transfer of energy. An energy pyramid illustrates how much energy is needed as it flows upwards to support the next trophic level. Energy pyramids are always slopping because less energy is transferred from each level than was paid into it. Thus, the efficiency of any ecosystem is best depicted by a pyramid of energy. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Serule is
    Solution
    • The gradual changes (succession) of micro-organisms in a microhabitat is known as micro succession or serule e.g., fungi, bacteria. 
    • This type of succession occurs within communities, for example in dead trees, animal droppings, etc. 
    • It is mainly affected by the conditions available for growth like oxygen, moisture, nutrient etc.

    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Plant succession is a ............. process.
    Solution
    • The transition in the species composition of a given area is called ecological succession. 
    • During succession, the colonization of species in a particular area increases its population whereas, populations of other species decline and even disappear. 
    • The present-day communities in the world have come to be because of succession that has occurred over millions of years since life started on earth.
    • Plant succession is a change which passes through definite developmental sequence and proceeds in a definite direction. 

    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The natural process by which different groups or communities colonize the same area over a period of time in a definite sequence is called:
    Solution
    • The transition in the species composition of a given area is called ecological succession. 
    • This takes place due to the change in the environmental conditions in a geographical area. 
    • During succession, some species colonise an area and their populations become more numerous, whereas populations of other species decline and even disappear. 
    • The time scale can be decades (for example, after a wildfire), or even millions of years after a mass extinction. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    One of Eltonian pyramids have to be upright always. That is, pyramid of
    Solution
    Pyramid of energy is always upright, and can never be inverted, because when energy flows from a particular trophic level to the next, some energy is always lost as heat at each step. The base of the pyramid is broad and it narrows down at the apex.
    So, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    What is represented by the following sequence? 

    Cyanobacteria, Crustose lichens, Foliose lichens, Mosses, Shrub, Dicotyledenous plants.
    Solution
    Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The time scale can be decades (for example, after a wildfire), or even millions of years after a mass extinction. Cyanobacteria- crustose lichens- foliose lichens - mosses - shrub - dicotyledonous plant is an example of xerarch succession. A xerarch succession of ecological communities originated in an extremely dry situation such as sand deserts, sand dunes, salt deserts, rock deserts etc. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    In the pyramid of numbers, for a grassland ecosystem, the largest population is that of
    Solution
     
    • The pyramid of number indicates the number of individual present at each trophic level. 
    • The pyramid of numbers can be upright or inverted depending on the number of producers. 
    • For example, in a grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers is upright. 
    • In this type of a food chain, the number of producers (plants) which is highest is followed by the number of herbivores (mice), which in turn is followed by the number of secondary consumers (snakes) and tertiary carnivores (eagles). . 

    Hence, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The community which starts succession at a place is termed as
    Solution
    Succession is a process of gradual changes that starts where no living organisms are there. The species that inhabit in a bare area are called as pioneer species. A pioneer community is a group of organisms, that starts the process of biological succession (the progression of an ecosystem over time). These organisms are typically plants, animals and fungi.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Pyramids of energy are 
    Solution
    Pyramid of energy is always upright, can never be inverted, because the energy always flows from a particular trophic level to the next trophic level. The amount of available energy decreases during transfer from one trophic level to another. So, as we go from the first trophic level to the top trophic level, the amount of available energy becomes less and less
    So, the correct answer is 'Always upright'
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