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Ecosystem Test - 35

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Ecosystem Test - 35
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In upright pyramid of biomass, herbivores occupy the position
    Solution
    Primary consumers are living beings, that eat autotrophic beings, i.e., they eat the producers. Primary consumers like herbivores belong to the second trophic level of a chain. Producers always belong to the first trophic level and decomposers to the last trophic level. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In autogenic succession
    Solution
    Ecological successional is a gradual change that can be caused by either endogenous or exogenous factors. If the changes caused by endogenous factors (the plants themselves) are termed autogenic, whereas changes caused by exogenous factors are termed allogenic. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 3
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    The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called __________.
    Solution
    • Secondary productivity is the rate of synthesis of organic matter by the consumers. 
    • Standing crop is the net biomass of an ecosystem at a given duration.
    • Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the amount of organic matter synthesized by the producers during the process of photosynthesis in unit area per unit time.
    • Net primary productivity (NPP) is the amount of organic matter stored by the producers in a unit area per unit time. $$NPP = GPP - R$$, here R is respiratory losses. NPP is available for consumption by herbivores and decomposers.

    Hence, the correct answer is option D, i.e., Net primary productivity.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Different communities appearing and replacing one another are called 
    Solution
    • A seral community (or sere) is an intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community. 
    • A seral community is a name given to each group of plants within the succession. 
    • A primary succession describes those plant communities, that occupy a site that has not previously been vegetated. 
    • These can also be described as the pioneer community. The final or stable community in a sere is the climax community or climatic vegetation.
      Hence, correct answer is B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The figure given below is a diagrammatic representation of response of organisms to abiotic factors. What do a, b and c represent respectively?
    a - b - c

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Most primary productivity of pond is by
    Solution
    Phytoplankton are free-floating microscopic plants, that are mostly unicellular and produce chemical energy from light. This process is called as primary production. Phytoplankton have a critical role in primary production, nutrient cycling, and food webs and make up a significant proportion of the primary production in aquatic systems. 
    Zooplankton are animals that live all or part of their life as plankton suspended and drifting in fresh or salt water. Floating-leaf plants are rooted in the lake bottom, but their leaves and flowers float on the water surface. Water lilies are a well-known example. The red algae, or Rhodophyta, are mostly multicellular, marine algae, including many seaweeds.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Lichen is pioneer in ........................ succession. 
    Solution
    Correct Option: D
    Explanation:

    A lithosere is a soil that is a weathered rock, where succession begins life on a newly exposed rock surface. Pioneer species are the first organisms that colonise an area, the pioneer species will be communities of mosses and lichens, as they are capable of surviving in areas without soil. 
    Xerosere is a desert area where the plant succession is limited by water availability. The xerarch succession of ecological communities originated in extremely dry situations such as sand deserts, sand dunes, salt deserts, rock deserts etc.
    A xerosere may include lithoseres (on rock) and psammoseres (on sand). Pioneer species in xerarch succession are usually lichens. A psammosere is a seral community, an ecological succession that began life on newly exposed coastal sand.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Highest annual net primary productivity is of
    Solution
    Total primary production in an ecosystem is known as the ecosystem's gross primary production (GPP). 
    Net primary production (NPP) = Gross primary production (GPP) - energy that is used by the producers for respiration (R). Tropical rain forest ecosystem has the highest average net primary productivity. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The interaction of a species with the environment is called as
    Solution
    Autecology is the branch of ecology that deals with the biological relationship between an individual organism or an individual species and its environment. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. 
    Community ecology or synecology is the study of the interactions between species in communities on many spatial and temporal scales, including the distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and interactions between coexisting populations.
    So, the correct answer is 'Autecology'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following elements have only the sedimentary type of nutrient cycle?
    Solution
    Sedimentary cycles involve the transportation of matter through the ground to water; that is from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere. Most phosphates originate as salts in ocean sediments or in rocks. Over time, geological uplift brings these sediments to the surface, and weathering releases the phosphate ions. Plants can then absorb these phosphates from the soil and use it in cellular processes. Phosphate taken up by plants may then be passed on to animals when the plant is consumed by herbivore that, in turn, may be consumed by carnivores. After death, the animal or plant decays, and the phosphates are returned to the soil by way of bacterial decomposition. Runoff from the land may carry leached phosphate back to the ocean, where it eventually enters sediments and is reincorporated into rock.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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