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Ecosystem Test - 47

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Ecosystem Test - 47
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Select the correct matches :

    (a) Sedimentary nutrient cycle - Nitrogen cycle (b) Pioneer species - Lichens (c) Secondary succession - Burnt forest (d) Pyramid of biomass in sea - upright
    Solution
    a) The sedimentary cycle is different from the nitrogen cycle. Sedimentary nutrient cycle deals with elements like iron, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and other more-earthbound elements.

    b) Pioneer species are the first species to enter an area after a disturbance. They are the colonizers. The species like bacteria, fungi, and lichens constitutes the first stage of ecological succession.

    c) Secondary succession takes place in a place that has been destroyed due to fire, floods, and other natural calamities. It includes burnt forests, logging of forests, etc.

    d) The pyramid of biomass in the sea is not upright. It is inverted because the biomass of fishes far exceeds the phytoplankton population.

    So, option b and c are correct
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Figs belong to 
    Solution
    Figs are one of the most important plant species of a rainforest ecosystem. There are close to 1,000 different species of Ficus, which can be found in every major rainforest, tropical continent and islands around the world. Hundreds of animals like pigeons, parrots, hornbills, toucans, monkeys, gibbons, and fruit-eating bats, feed on the sweet fruit of the fig tree. Figs are considered a "keystone" species because they are so important to the animals of the rainforest. This is so because figs bear fruit several times a year. Different species of figs fruit at different times so that there is always a supply of food for animals that depend on fruit as a major part of their diet. A large variety of herbivores and omnivores eat figs. In some forests up to 70% of its animal's diets depend on figs,and the number of fruit-eaters determines the number of predators of fruit-eaters.

    So, the correct answer is 'B'.
  • Question 3
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    Different communities appearing and replacing one another are called 
    Solution
    In the process of ecological succession in which, a specific area of land is invaded by many communities. The first community to invade is called the pioneer community. Followed by pioneer community, there are many seral communities that invade the area. Finally, there comes a stable community that does not get replaced and is the final one, and it is called the climax community. So, option B is the correct answer 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In grassland ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is
    Solution
    In grassland ecosystem, the shape of pyramid of biomass is upright. This pyramid is called as pyramid of biomass. Pyramid of biomass represents the total mass of organisms at each trophic level. In grassland ecosystem, the biomass at the base is maximum followed by that in primary consumers (herbivores), followed by that in secondary consumers (carnivores). The base of the pyramid of biomass represents the producers in a pond ecosystem. The secondary carnivores have least biomass in a grassland ecosystem.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Upright.'

  • Question 5
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    The pyramid which cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem is that of
    Solution
    Flow of energy declines as it passes from lower to higher trophic level. The energy decreases from one trophic level to the next trophic level because energy is lost as metabolic heat during transfer of energy. Hence, the pyramid of energy is always upright in any ecosystem and it cannot be inverted in a stable ecosystem. When food energy passes from producers to herbivores to carnivores, only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another trophic level.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Energy.'
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Pyramid of numbers deals with number of
    Solution
    Pyramid of numbers in a food chain deals with the number of individuals in a trophic level. It is upright in pond/grassland ecosystem. In this, the energy is maximum at producer level, followed by primary consumer level (herbivores), followed by secondary consumer level (carnivores). The base of the pyramid of number represents the producers in an ecosystem. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Individuals in a trophic level.'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In lake ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is generally
    Solution
    Ecosystem consists of living and nonliving things. Living things include plants, animals, microorganisms. Nonliving things include air, water, land. The pyramids of biomass indicates the relationship between different trophic levels with regards to biomass. In lake ecosystems, there is gradual increase in biomass of organisms at successive trophic levels from the producers to the consumers. Hence, the pyramid of biomass is generally inverted in a lake ecosystem. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Inverted.'

  • Question 8
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    Sedimentary cycle having a small gaseous component is found in
    Solution
    Sedimentary cycle consists of weathering of an existing rock followed by the erosion of minerals, transport and deposition. It has earth's crust as the reservoir pool. Sedimentary cycle having a small gaseous component is found in sulphur. Other sedimentary cycles include iron cycle, calcium cycle.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Sulphur.'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Lithosphere is reservoir of
    Solution
    There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). Lithosphere of Earth includes the crust and the uppermost mantle. It makes up the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. It is reservoir of phosphorus. The largest reservoir of phosphorus is sedimentary rocks. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphorous.' 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Pyramid of energy (in a forest/pond ecosystem) is
    Solution
    In pond and forest ecosystem, the shape of pyramid of energy is upright. In this, the energy is maximum at producer level, followed by primary consumer level (herbivores), followed by secondary consumer level (carnivores). The base of the pyramid of number represents the producers in a forest and pond ecosystem. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Always upright.'

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