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Ecosystem Test - 50

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Ecosystem Test - 50
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Relationship between different organisms can best be studied by
    Solution
    Eltonian pyramid is also called as ecological pyramid. It is a graphical representation showing relationship between different organisms at different trophic level.
    Food web is a connection between various food chains in an ecosystem.
    Pyramid of mass represents the biomass of organisms at different trophic level.
    Pyramid of energy represents the amount of energy present at each trophic level. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Eltonian pyramid.'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Pyramid of number in grass ecosystem is
    Solution
    In grass ecosystem, the shape of pyramid of number is always upright. It represents the number of individuals at each trophic level. In this, the energy is maximum at producer level (grass), followed by primary consumer level (herbivores like deer), followed by secondary consumer level (carnivores like lion). The base of the pyramid of number represents the producers in a grass ecosystem. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Upright.'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Weathering of rocks makes phosphorus available to first
    Solution
    • There are 4 layers of Earth, namely lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living), and atmosphere (air). 
    • The lithosphere of Earth includes the crust, sedimentary rocks, and the uppermost mantle. It is the reservoir of phosphorus. Hence, weathering of rocks makes phosphorus available to the first producers that are plants.
    • Due to weathering of rocks minerals are mixed in soil that are later absorbed by plants along with water.

    Thus, the correct answer is 'Producers.'
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The term ecosystem development to ecological succession was given by
    Solution
    The term ecosystem development to ecological succession was given by Odum. He pioneered the concept of the ecosystem. Ecological succession means the change in the species structure over time in a community. In other words, it is a development of an ecosystem. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Odum.'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Pyramid of energy in a pond ecosystem is always
    Solution
    In pond ecosystem, the shape of pyramid of energy is always upright. It indicates the energy at each trophic level. In this, the energy at producer level is maximum, followed by primary consumers (herbivores), followed by secondary consumers (carnivores). The base of the pyramid of energy represents the producers in a pond ecosystem. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Upright.'
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not correct?
    Solution
    a) Pyramid of numbers represents the number of organisms at each trophic level. Pyramid of biomass represents the biomass of organisms at each trophic level. In most ecosystems, the pyramids of numbers and biomass are upright.
    b) In tree dominated ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers is inverted. The first trophic level contains plants. The second trophic level contains birds which are more in number as compared to number of plants.
    c) In deep water ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is upright. The biomass at first trophic level is maximum followed by second trophic level (primary consumer) followed by third trophic level (secondary consumer).
    d) Pyramid of energy expresses mainly the amount of energy produced at a particular level and the rate at which it is transferred.
    e) Similarly, the pyramid of energy is always upright. Total energy flow at successive trophic levels always decreases from first trophic level to another trophic level.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Pyramid of energy expresses mainly the rate of food production.'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Ecosystem having the highest primary productivity is
    Solution
    In a food chain, energy stored at the producer level is called as primary productivity. Producer level includes plants and other photosynthetic organisms. Energy stored at the consumer level is called as secondary productivity. Consumer level includes herbivores, carnivores and decomposers. Primary productivity is the rate of conversion of light energy into chemical energy of organic molecules in an ecosystem by plants. Ecosystem having the highest primary productivity is forest. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Forest.'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Highest annual net primary productivity is of
    Solution
    In an ecosystem, energy stored at the producer level is called as primary productivity. Energy stored at the consumer level is called as secondary productivity. Gross primary productivity is the rate of photosynthesis. Net primary productivity is the rate of storage of organic matter except which is utilized for the respiration by plants. Net production is the rate of storage of organic matter which is not used by the consumers. Highest value of net primary productivity in g C m −2^{-2} yr −1^{-1} of a forest ecosystem is highest in tropical rain forest. 
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Tropical rain forest.'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    An ecosystem with little primary productivity is
    Solution
    Primary productivity is the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances. It is the rate of energy obtained by photosynthesis. Forest ecosystem has maximum primary productivity. In aquatic ecosystem, the primary productivity depends on the availability of nutrients and light. A river ecosystem has little primary productivity.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'River.'
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which ones are reservoirs of phosphorus and nitrogen cycles respectively?
    Solution
    There are various of abiotic reservoirs in which the nutrients are recycled, released and stored in atmosphere. Atmosphere is the reservoir of carbon and nitrogen. Hence, these cycles are also called atmospheric cycles. Water is the reservoir of hydrogen and oxygen. Hence, these cycles are called as hydrological cycles. Bedrock is the reservoir of phosphorous. Hence, it is also called as sedimentary cycle.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Bedrock and atmosphere.'
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