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Ecosystem Test - 58

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Ecosystem Test - 58
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    All of the following increase as community succession progresses, except for
    Solution
    During the course of evolution, the simple and less adaptable life forms change into complex forms. The number of organisms inhabiting the area increases substantially and hence a food web is created with intricacy of trophic relationships. The organisms become more specialized leading to their defined niches. There isn't a compulsory increase in amount of biomass produced by producers.
    So, the correct option is 'Relative amount of biomass produced by producers'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is not a correct match of the term and its description?
    Solution
    Crop field is considered as man-made(anthropogenic or artificial) ecosystem. Natural ecosystem is developed in nature without human involvement, e.g., forest, ocean, etc.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Primary productivity depends upon.
    Solution
    The primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate at which biomass or organic matter is produced per unit area per unit time by plants(primary producers). Primary productivity depends upon plant species of the area, their photosynthetic capacity, availability of nutrients, solar radiations, precipitation, soil type and a number of other environmental factors.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient for 
  • Question 5
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    Which one of the following aspects is not a component of functional unit of ecosystem?
    Solution
    Interaction of biotic and abiotic components result in a physical structure, that is characteristic of each type of ecosystem. Components of ecosystem function as one single unit. Four important functional aspects of the ecosystem are (i) Productivity, (ii) Decomposition, (iii) Energy flow and (iv) Nutrient cycling. Ecological pyramids are a graphical representation of a number, biomass, and energy flow in an ecosystem.
    So, the correct answer is 'Ecological pyramids'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The rate of conversion of light energy into chemical energy of organic molecules in a ecosystem is?
    Solution
    In ecology, productivity is the rate at which energy is added to the bodies of organisms in the form of biomass. Biomass is simply the amount of matter that's stored in the bodies of a group of organisms. Productivity can be defined for any trophic level or other group, and it may take units of either energy or biomass. Gross primary productivity, or GPP, is the rate at which solar energy is captured in sugar molecules during photosynthesis (energy captured per unit area per unit time). Producers such as plants use some of this energy for metabolism/cellular respiration and some for growth (building tissues).
    So the correct option is 'gross primary production'.
  • Question 7
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    Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.
    Column IColumn II
    A. Gross primary productivity(i) Self-sustainable ecosystem
    B. Net primary productivity(ii) Aquatic ecosystem
    C. Pond(iii) $$O_2$$ requiring process
    D. Aquarium(iv) Photosynthesis production
    E. Decomposition(v) Available to secondary consumers
    Solution
    Column I  Column II
     A. Gross primary productivity Gross primary productivity, or GPP, is the rate at which solar energy is captured in sugar molecules during photosynthesis (energy captured per unit area per unit time). Producers such as plants use some of this energy for metabolism/cellular respiration and some for growth (building tissues).So the correct option is 'photosynthesis production'.
     B. Net primary productivity Net primary productivity, or NPP, is gross primary productivity minus the rate of energy loss to metabolism and maintenance. In other words, it's the rate at which energy is stored as biomass by plants or other primary producers and made available to the consumers in the ecosystem.
    So the correct option is 'available to secondary consumers'.
     C. Pond Since a pond is a natural ecosystem, it has all the biotic and abiotic components in it. These components are interlinked with each other for ensuring the survival of the organisms there, hence it is a self sustaining unit. 
    So the correct option is 'self-sustaining ecosystem'.
    D. Aquarium  In an aquatic ecosystem rocks are needed for shelter and plants provide oxygen for fish. An ecosystem is balanced when the natural animals and plants and non-living components are in harmony- i.e. there is nothing to disturb the balance. An aquarium comprises of green plants, fish and other aquatic animals. Water, sand (or gravel etc.), temperature, light, etc. are also present the abiotic factors.
    So the correct option is 'aquatic ecosystem'.
     E. Decomposition The process of decomposition — the breakdown of raw organic materials to a finished compost — is a gradual complex process, one in which both chemical and biological processes must occur in order for organic matter to change into compost. The decomposition (stabilization) of organic matter by biological action has been taking place in nature since life first appeared on our planet. When organic materials decompose in the presence of oxygen, the process is called “aerobic.” The aerobic process is most common in nature. For example, it takes place on ground surfaces such as the forest floor, where droppings from trees and animals are converted into a relatively stable humus. There is no accompanying bad smell when there is adequate oxygen present.
    So the correct option is 'O$$_2$$ requiring process'.
  • Question 8
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    Which one of the following is the most productive ecosystem?
    Solution
    Tropical rainforest shows the maximum diversity and also the maximum productivity. More solar energy and resources are available in tropics which promotes higher productivity. On land the maximum primary production rate is found in tropical rainforests followed by tropical deciduous forests, temperate forests, savannah, temperate grasslands and desert scrub.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.
    Column IColumn II
    A. Gross primary productivity(i) Green plants
    B. Secondary productivity(ii) Rate of synthesis of organic matter by consumers
    C. Transducers(iii) Total organic matter produced from solar energy
    D. Food web(iv) Interconnection of food chains
    Solution
     Column I Column II
     A. Gross primary productivity Gross primary productivity, or GPP, is the rate at which solar energy is captured in sugar molecules during photosynthesis (energy captured per unit area per unit time). Producers such as plants use some of this energy for metabolism/cellular respiration and some for growth (building tissues).
    So the correct option is 'total organic matter produced from solar energy'.
     B. Secondary productivity Secondary productivity The rate of biomass formation or energy fixation by heterotrophic organisms, such as grazers and decomposers (see heterotrophic nutrition). These derive all their energy from photosynthetic plants and other autotrophs, either directly or indirectly, and their productivity determines the number of trophic levels and the lengths of the food chains within an ecosystem – both of which are likely to be increased by greater secondary productivity.
    So the correct option is 'rate of synthesis of organic matter by consumers'.
     C. Transducers Transducers are the one who converts one form of energy into another form of energy. Energy types can be electrical, mechanical, electromagnetic (including light), chemical, acoustic, and thermal energy. plants receive light energy and convert it into chemical energy that viruses and animals use.
    So the correct option is 'green plants'.
     D. Food web A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is consumer-resource system. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the Sun and largely by photosynthesis, which is then passed on to the next consumer.
    So the correct option is 'interconnection of food chains'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Productivity at the second trophic level is always.
    Solution
    Productivity at second trophic level is always less than productivity at first trophic level. This is because only $$10\%$$ of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another. Thus, decrease in energy would result in decrease in productivity.
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