Ecosystem Test

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Ecosystem Test - 72

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1

1 / -0

Choose the correct set.

	Column I		Column II
I.	Gross primary productivity	A.	Total assimilation
II.	Secondary productivity	B.	Remains mobile and does not remain in situ
III.	Transducers	C.	Green plants
IV.	Food web	D.	Interlocking pattern

I- A, II- B, III- C, IV- D

I- B, II- C. Ill- D, IV- A

I- C, II- D, III- A, IV- B

I- A, II- C, Ill- B, IV- D

Solution

Primary productivity is the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs to organic substances.

The total amount of productivity in a region or system is gross primary productivity.

A certain amount of organic material is used to sustain the life of producers; what remains is net productivity.

The transducer is a device, which transforms one type of energy to another. Plants are the natural transducers. They convert the supreme source of energy, that is sunlight into ATP form which is then transferred to carnivorous and other strata of animals in the food chain and food web consequently.

Question 2
1 / -0

The possibilities of presence of coal or fossil fuels in a particular area can be guessed by the study of

A
Protozoans

B
Pollen grains analysis (paleobotany)

C
Both of the above

D
Sulphur cycle

Solution

The large annual input of sulfur from burning of coal and other fossil fuels adds a substantial amount SO$$_2$$, which acts as an air pollutant. Hence, the presence of sulfur in any area indicates the high level of coal or fossil fuel burning there.
So, the correct answer is option D.

Question 3

1 / -0

Match the two sets.

	Column I		Column II
I	Pioneers replacement	A	Vegetation which modifies its own environment and thus, causing its own
II	Autogenic succession	B	Replacement of existing community by external conditions
III	Allogenic succession	C	Establishment
IV	Ecesis	D	Primary colonisers

I- D, II- A, III- B, IV- C

I- A, II- B, III- C, IV- D

I- B, II- A, Ill- D, IV- C

I- A, II- D, Ill- C, IV- B

Solution

Pioneer species are those species which gets colonize in the area which did not contain any inhabitant previously. Algae are the best example of pioneer succession as because it invades the barren rocks. In general, pioneer species are autotrophs or those that maintain harmonious ecological interaction with autotrophic bacteria, herbaceous plants, lichens.

Autogenic succession is succession driven by the biotic components of an ecosystem.

In contrast, allogenic succession is driven by the abiotic components of the ecosystem.

Establishment (ecology) or ecesi is the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Question 4
1 / -0

Eltonian pyramids of numbers are upright in which one of the following ecosystems?

A
Grassland

B
Tree

C
Pond

D
Both A and C

Solution

Ecological pyramids were developed by Charles Elton (1927) and are, therefore, also called as Eltonian pyramids. In most ecosystems, all the pyramids, of number or of energy or biomass are upright. The pyramid of number in a tree ecosystem is inverted. The pyramids of grassland and pond are upright.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Select the wrong statement.

A
An overwhelming majority of animals and nearly all plants maintain a constant internal temperature.

B
An orchid growing as all epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of commensalism.

C
In brood parasitism, the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and lets the host to incubate them.

D
Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions.

E
In amensalism, one species is harmed whereas the other is unaffected.

Solution

An overwhelming majority of animals and nearly all plants cannot maintain a constant internal temperature. Their body temperature changes with ambient temperature. Thermoregulation is energetically expensive for many organism.

Question 6

1 / -0

Match the columns.

Column I	Column II
I. Circulation of water	A. Dust water and gases above the earth
II. Circulation of nitrogen	B. Food chain
III. Circulation of food material	C. Hyrdrological cycle
IV. Troposphere	D. Nitrogen cycle

I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D

I-A, II-D, III-C, IV-B

I-C, II-D, III-B, IV-A

I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B

Solution

Hydrological cycle is also known as water cycle. It is the continuous circulation of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere leading to the formation of clouds and ultimately rains.

Nitrogen cycle is the process of conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and nitrates by nature or by nitrogen-fixing organisms so that it can be used by plants for their growth. After the death of plants and animals, the nitrogen in their bodies is returned back to the atmosphere to be again ready for re-circulation.

Food chain is a sequence of organisms representing who eats whom in an ecosystem. In a food chain, energy in the form of food is transferred from one trophic level to another.

The lowermost layer of earth which shows the existence of weather and ranges from 0 to 16 km from the surface of earth is known as troposphere.

Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Question 7
1 / -0

The pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem is:

A
Always erect

B
Always inverted

C
Either erect or inverted

D
Irregular
Solution
- In a grassland ecosystem, the number of producers (mainly grasses) is always maximum, followed by decreasing numbers at second trophic level (herbivores), third trophic level (carnivores) and least number of apex predators.
- Thus, a pyramid of numbers in grassland is erect.
- Hence, The pyramid of number in a grassland ecosystem is Always erect.
- So, the correct answer is 'Always erect'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Secondary succession can occur on

A
Burnt lands.

B
Lumbered lands.

C
Cut wood lands.

D
All of the above.

Solution

Secondary succession occurs in areas that somehow, lost all the living organisms that existed there. Secondary succession begins in areas where natural biotic communities have been destroyed such as in abandoned farm lands, burned or cut forests, lands that have been flooded.
Question 9
1 / -0

Pick the correct statement.

A
Home range of members of a species has larger area than that of territory.

B
Many insects mainly honey bees communicate among themselves by secreting pheromones.

C
The last succession in series of biotic succession is called as climax community.

D
Number of individuals of particular species present in a unit area at a given time is known as population size.

Solution

The final stage of succession is called as climax or climax community. It is the stable community in successional series. It remains unchanged as long as the environment remains undisturbed. Climax community undergoes changes in structure as a result of birth, death and growth processes in the community.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
1 / -0

In the population having high growth rate, the age pyramid is shown by

A
Straight pyramid shaped

B
Bell shaped

C
Parabola shaped

D
None of the above

Solution

The population of a particular region depends on the climatic condition prevailing in that particular region. A population's growth rate is strongly influenced by the proportions of individuals of particular ages. In an age pyramid, the population is sequentially arranged according to the increasing age. The young ones forms the base of the pyramid. For example, the population of a country with rapid growth has a triangle-shaped age structure with a greater proportion of younger individuals who are at or close to reproductive age. This pattern typically occurs where fewer people live to old age because of sub-optimal living standards, such as occurs in underdeveloped countries.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.

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Ecosystem Test - 72

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Ecosystem Test - 72

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Question 1

I- A, II- B, III- C, IV- D

I- B, II- C. Ill- D, IV- A

I- C, II- D, III- A, IV- B

I- A, II- C, Ill- B, IV- D

Solution

Question 2

Protozoans

Pollen grains analysis (paleobotany)

Both of the above

Sulphur cycle

Solution

Question 3

I- D, II- A, III- B, IV- C

I- A, II- B, III- C, IV- D

I- B, II- A, Ill- D, IV- C

I- A, II- D, Ill- C, IV- B

Solution

Question 4

Grassland

Tree

Pond

Both A and C

Solution

Question 5

An overwhelming majority of animals and nearly all plants maintain a constant internal temperature.

An orchid growing as all epiphyte on a mango branch is an example of commensalism.

In brood parasitism, the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nest of its host and lets the host to incubate them.

Very small animals are rarely found in polar regions.

In amensalism, one species is harmed whereas the other is unaffected.

Solution

Question 6

I-A, II-B, III-C, IV-D

I-A, II-D, III-C, IV-B

I-C, II-D, III-B, IV-A

I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-B

Solution

Question 7

Always erect

Always inverted

Either erect or inverted

Irregular

Solution

Question 8

Burnt lands.

Lumbered lands.

Cut wood lands.

All of the above.

Solution

Question 9

Home range of members of a species has larger area than that of territory.

Many insects mainly honey bees communicate among themselves by secreting pheromones.

The last succession in series of biotic succession is called as climax community.

Number of individuals of particular species present in a unit area at a given time is known as population size.

Solution

Question 10

Straight pyramid shaped

Bell shaped

Parabola shaped

None of the above

Solution

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