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Ecosystem Test - 74

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Ecosystem Test - 74
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Succession on secondary bare area is
    Solution
    Subsere is secondary series of ecological communities beginning after succession has been interrupted by fire, grazing, agriculture, or other destructive agent. A subsere is a secondary sere arising when the progress of a sere towards its climax has been interrupted.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In plant succession, when climax is reached the net productivity
    Solution
    The species that invade a bare area are called pioneer species. In primary succession on rocks, these are usually lichens which are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation. Later they form plants like bryophytes, which are able to take hold in the small amount of soil. They are, with time, succeeded by bigger plants, and after several more stages, ultimately a stable climax forest community is formed. The climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Pyramid of energy is always upright, it represents
    Solution
    • The flow of energy moves through the layers of the energy pyramid from the bottom-up and is gradually reduced as energy is used up by the organisms at each level. 
    • Energy is used up for all life processes such as respiration, movement, metabolic processes, and reproduction.
    • So, of the 100% total energy available to the plants, only around 10% is made into plant tissues, while 90% is used up and is lost as heat. 
    • At each of the subsequent trophic levels, the same amount of energy (90%) is lost as heat, while 10% is turned into available biomatter.
    So, the correct answer is 'C'.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The inverted ecological pyramid can be seen in case of
    Solution
    The pyramid of biomass is inverted in a pond or lake ecosystem. The biomass of phytoplankton is less as compared with that of the small herbivorous fish, that feed on these producers. The biomass of large carnivorous fish that depend on small fishes is still greater. 

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Ecesis is
    Solution
    Ecesis is the successful establishment of a plant or animal species in a new habitat. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In autogenic succession
    Solution
    "Auto-" meaning self or same, and "-genic" meaning producing or causing. Therefore, Autogenic succession refers to ecological succession driven by biotic factors within an ecosystem, which consequently brings changes in the environment. For example, the plants themselves cause succession to occur, leading to a gradual ecological change in a particular spot of land, known as a progression of inhabiting species.

    So, the correct answer is 'D'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The pyramid of energy in any ecosystem is
    Solution
    The transfer of energy in an ecosystem across the food chain is always unidirectional because once the solar energy is converted into the chemical energy by the producers, it cannot be reverted to the sun and the consumers are not capable of fixing the solar energy into the chemical forms. So, at each trophic level, energy is lost as respiratory losses which reduces the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. It cannot be given back to the previous trohic level. This makes the pyramid energy to appear upright.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Always upright'
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Find out the correct order of succession levels in xerarch.
    Solution
    • Xerarch succession of ecological communities originated in extremely dry situation such as sand deserts, sand dunes, salt deserts, rock deserts etc. 
    • Stages in correct order in xerarch succession are bare rocks, crustose lichen stage, foliose lichen stage, moss stage, annual herb stage, perennial herb stage, shrub stage, tree forest and finally climax stage. 

    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called as _______________.
    Solution
    • Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of production of chemical energy as biomass by primary producers in a given length of time. 
    • It is the rate at which photosynthesis and fixed energy are used by primary producers for cellular respiration and maintenance of existing tissues. 
    • The remaining fixed energy (i.e., the mass of photosynthate) is referred to as net primary production (NPP). NPP = GPP - respiration (by plants). Whereas standing crop is the total dried biomass in a given environment
    So, the correct answer is 'Net primary productivity'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    A rocky barren land after some time changes into fertile rich, crop yielding land. Which sequence might have occured?
    Solution
    The species that invade a bare area are called as pioneer species. In primary succession on rocks these are usually lichens, which are able to secrete acids to dissolve rock, helping in weathering and soil formation. These later pave way to some very small plants like Bryophytes, which are able to take hold in the small amount of soil. They are, with time, succeeded by bigger plants, and after several more stages, ultimately a stable climax forest community is formed. The climax community remains stable as long as the environment remains unchanged. With time the xerophytic habitat gets converted into a mesophytic one. 
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