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Ecosystem Test - 77

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Ecosystem Test - 77
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which is not correct?
    Solution
    The pyramids of biomass indicate the relationship between different trophic levels with regards to biomass. In the deepwater ecosystem, the pyramid of biomass is inverted.
    A small population of phytoplankton supports a large standing crop of zooplankton.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    An ecologist estimates that there is an average of 27.3 kg/$$m^2$$ of plant growth within a British Columbia forest. What is the ecologist measuring?
    Solution
    Mass of living biological organism in a given area at a given time is called as biomass. Thus, the ecologist is measuring biomass.
    So, the correct answer is 'Biomass'

  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Biogeochemical cycling means cycling of 
    Solution
    Biogeochemical cycles are nutrient cycles. These are the cycles which are responsible for the recycling the nutrients which are present in the geosphere and atmosphere. The nutrient recycling takes place in the ecosystem and biomes. The recycling of nutrients helps in maintaining the nutrients in the available form for the uptake by the organisms.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.  
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    What amount of energy is available to the lion in the following food chain, if plants have 10000 J of energy available from the sun?
    Plants $$\rightarrow$$ Deer $$\rightarrow$$ Lion
    Solution
    • Plants can trap only 1% of the Sun's energy. 
    • While transferring energy to the next level, only 10% of the actual amount is transferred.
    • So, plants have 10000 J of energy available in them as food. 
    • Now, according to the 10 percent law, 10% of 10000 is 1000 J of energy, which will be available for deer as flesh food. Then, the food energy available to the lion will be 10% of 1000 J which is 100 J.

    So, the correct option is B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Identify the wrong pair of statements.
    I) During plant succession, some species colonise an area and populations become more numerous, whereas populations of other species decline and even disappear.
    II) Both hydrarch and xerarch successions lead to mesic conditions.
    III) Secondary succession is a slow process when compared to primary succession.
    IV) In the successive seral stages, there is no change in the diversity of species of organisms.
    Solution
    During succession, the area is colonized by some pioneer species and then are eliminated by successive colonizers.Hydrarch(starts in water) and xerarch(start in a dry area) and both after few series progress to the mesic condition.Secondary succession is a process started by an event, like a forest fire or harvesting or hurricane and is relatively faster, when compared to primary succession. During succession, the individual transitional communities are termed seral stages or seral communities. In the successive seral stages, there is a change in the diversity of species of organisms, increase in the number of species and organisms as well as an increase in the total biomass.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Study the following lists.
    List-IList-II
    (A) A. G Tansley (I) Classified plant communities
    (B) Wanning (II) Structure and function of Nature
    (C) Odum(Ill) Term 'Biosphere' 
    (D) Reiter(IV) Term' Ecology'
    (V) Term`Ecosystem' 
    Identify the sequence of list II with respect to list I
    Solution
    British ecologist Arthur Tansley, was the first person who coined the term ecosystem in a publication.
    A plant community is an association of plant species within a particular area that forms a relatively uniform patch which can be distinguished from neighbouring patches of different vegetation types. The classification of plant communities was carried out by Wanning.
    Odum rejected the conventional definition of ecology and defined is as the structure and function of ecosystems.
    The term ecology was coined by Reiter.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The path through which nutrients are passed from one acceptor to the other is called _______.
    Solution
    The path through which a nutrient travels as it moves from the air, water or soil into the bodies of living organisms and back to the air, water or soil is called a biogeochemical cycle. It is required to maintain the nutrient level in the ecosystem.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The carbon cycle is the movement of carbon on Earth by the processes of --- and ---- .
    Solution
    Carbon exists in the atmosphere as the compound carbon dioxide. It first enters the ecological food web when photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and certain algae, absorb carbon dioxide through tiny pores in their leaves. The plants then "fix" or capture the carbon dioxide and are able to convert it into simple sugars like glucose through the biochemical process known as photosynthesis. 

    Plants store and use this sugar to grow and to reproduce. Thus, by their very nature as makers of their own food, plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. When plants are eaten by animals, their carbon is passed on to those animals. Since animals cannot make their own food, they must get their carbon either directly by eating plants or indirectly by eating animals that have eaten plants.

    Respiration is the process in which oxygen is used to break down organic compounds into carbon dioxide  ($$CO_2$$) and water ($$H_2O$$). For an animal then, respiration is both taking in oxygen (and releasing carbon dioxide) and oxidizing its food (or burning it with oxygen) in order to release the energy the food contains. In both cases, carbon is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

    So, the correct answer is 'Respiration and photosynthesis'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The excreta rich in phosphorus would be called as _________.
    Solution
    Marine birds plays a unique role in phosphorus cycle. These birds eat marine fish, which is rich in phosphorus . Their excreta are called a guano deposits.
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