Ecosystem Test

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Ecosystem Test - 80

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Question 1

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Directions For Questions

The given table shows seven different species identified by a scientist during the study of a field that had been burned in a brushfire ten years before.

Scientific Name	Gross Form	Microscopic Form	Stem Form	Color	Reproduction
Platismartia glauca	Sheetlike	Eukaryotic and prokaryotic filaments	Not applicable	Green on top while below	no evidence
Funaria americana	cushionlike	Eukaryotic multicellular	Not applicable	Green throughout	Spore-produced structures or stalks
Dryopteris spinulosa	roots, underground stems, compound leaves	Eukaryotic multicellular	Fleshy	Green leaves, white stem and roots	Spores on underside of leaves
Picea rubens	roots, stems, needle like leaves	Eukaryotic multicellular	erect, woody	green leaves, brown stem and roots	cones
Smilax herbacea	roots, vine, broad leaves	eukaryotic multicellular	erect, herbaceous	green leaves and stem, white roots	flowers
Similax rotundifolia	roots, woody vine, broad leaves	eukaryotic multicellular	erect	green leaves, brown stem and roots	none evident
Monotropa uniflora	roots, stems, broad leaves	eukaryotic multicellular	erect	white throughout	fruits

...view full instructions

Which biological process is responsible for the appearance of these plants in a burned area?

Evolution by natural selection

Succession

Mutation

Eutrophication

Recombination

Solution

The process of change in ecological community of an area over time which in turn results in the formation of climax community is termed as succession. The appearance of plants on disturbed or damaged habitat is referred to as secondary succession which led to the colonization of burned area by these plant species. Thus, the correct answer is B.

Question 2
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Which of the following will be the final succession climax stage of a freshwater lake?

A
Marsh

B
Grassland

C
Bog

D
Estuary

E
Deciduous forest
Question 3
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The following data shows the results based on the study of a meadow.
Organisms Number
Hawk $$3$$
Various birds $$50$$
Spiders $$500$$
Insects $$3000$$
Shrubs and other plants $$> 5000$$
The correct pyramid of biomass is

A

B

C

D

E
None of the above
Question 4
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The given diagram shows the pyramid of energy at each trophic level. Choose the correct statement for the energy flow in the given pyramid.

A
Energy is passed up the pyramid with the least energy at the top.

B
Energy is passed up the pyramid with the most energy at the top.

C
Energy is passed down the pyramid with the most energy at the top.

D
Energy is passed down the pyramid with the most energy at the bottom.

E
Energy is a constant in the pyramid.

Solution

A pyramid of energy indicates the energy content at each trophic level. Since producers are the source of energy for the whole ecosystem, energy flow always occurs from the base of pyramid towards the top. With each trophic level, only 10% energy is transferred and 90% is lost as heat in respiration. This makes producers cotain maximum energy and top consumers to have the least amount of energy. Thus, the correct answer is A.
Question 5
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Which one of the following areas is an example of secondary succession if the succession takes place in/on?

A
Abandoned farm land

B
Newly cooled lava

C
Newly created pond

D
Bare rock
Solution
- An abandoned farmland is the area which was colonised earlier but currently, it has disturbed or damaged habitat so it is an example of secondary succession as it is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized, but disturbed or damaged habitat.
- Examples include areas which have been cleared of existing vegetation (such as after tree-felling in a woodland or an abandoned farm land) and destructive events such as fires.
- Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
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Identify the incorrect statement from the following.

A
The reservoir pool for phosphorous cycle is earth's crust whereas atmosphere is the reservoir pool for carbon cycle

B
During carbon cycle and phosphorous cycle, there is very high respiratory release of carbon and phosphorous respectively

C
Atmospheric inputs of phosphorous through rainfall are much smaller than carbon inputs

D
Gaseous exchanges of phosphorous between organism and environment are negligible
Solution
In the carbon cycle, the carbon dioxide which is present in the atmosphere is in the form of gas taken by the plant cells.
The plant cells fix the carbon and store in the form of stable compounds like glucose which is then converted to form the starch.
The carbon is also involved in respiratory cycles. The carbon dioxide which is released as the product of respiration is in combined form. Thus, there low respiratory release of free carbon.
In the case of the phosphorus cycle, the inorganic phosphate which is released in a combined form i.e., the stable molecule of ATP.
This causes a reduction in the release of phosphorus in the form of respiratory release.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 7
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The animal species controlling the ecosystem functioning is known as

A
Edge species

B
Pioneer species

C
Keystone species

D
Umbrella species

Solution

The animal species controlling the ecosystem functioning is known as keystone species. It is a plant or animal which plays an important and crucial role in the way of an ecosystem has to function properly. Without keystone species, the ecosystem would be entirely different or sometimes it will be completely brought to an end to exist altogether. Keystone species have low functional redundancy. This means that if the species were to disappear from the ecosystem, no other species would be able to fill its ecological place. The ecosystem would be forced to completely change, allowing new and possibly intrusive species to populate the habitat.
So, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
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Community dynamics is related to

A
Population growth in an ecosystem

B
Recycling of nutrients in an ecosystem

C
Flow of energy in an ecosystem

D
Ecological succession

Solution

Community dynamics are the changes in structure and composition of the community over the time. These changes are induced by volcanoes, earthquakes, fires, etc. Communities are generally at an equilibrium. Succession is the sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time. In primary succession, newly-formed land after the climate change is colonized by the community. In secondary succession, part of an ecosystem is disturbed but some of the previous community is present.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
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Which of the following is a correct trend of succession in hydroseric succession?

A
Rooted submerged $$\rightarrow$$ Phytoplankton $$\rightarrow$$ Reed swamp $$\rightarrow$$ Sedge meadow

B
Phytoplankton $$\rightarrow$$ Reed swamp $$\rightarrow$$ Rooted submerged $$\rightarrow$$ Sedge meadow

C
Phytoplankton $$\rightarrow$$ Sedge medow $$\rightarrow$$ Reed swamp $$\rightarrow$$ Root submerged

D
Phytoplankton $$\rightarrow$$ Rooted submerged $$\rightarrow$$ Reed swamp $$\rightarrow$$ Sedge meadow

Solution

Hydroseric succession starts in the water bodies, which are newly formed. The sequence would be phytoplanktons $$\rightarrow$$ rooted submerged plants $$\rightarrow$$ reed swamp and finally sedge meadow.
Question 10
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Which of the following represents the graphical portrayal of biomass present in a unit of the territory of different trophic levels.

A
Pyramid of biomass

B
Pyramid of number

C
Pyramid of energy

D
All of the above
Solution
- A pyramid of biomass is a graphical portrayal of biomass present in a unit of the territory of different trophic levels.
- In addition, it displays the linking among biomass and trophic level estimating the biomass available in each trophic degree of an energy network at a given time.
So, the correct answer is option A.