Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 25

'International union for conservation of natural resources' (IUCN), 'World Wildlife Fund' (WWF) and 'Board of Wild life' (BWL) are all engaged in conservation of wild life. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

There are two main groups of monkeys, 'New World monkeys' and 'Old World monkeys. Monkeys in South and Central America are called as 'New World monkeys', whereas monkeys in Africa, Asia, and Europe are called as 'Old World monkeys'. New World monkeys include marmosets, capuchins, howler monkeys, squirrel monkeys, and spider monkeys. New World monkeys are arboreal, and some have long, slender limbs, that permit easy movement in the trees. A few have prehensile tails capable of wrapping around branches and serving as fifth limbs. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

The Dudhwa national park is a national park in the Terai of Uttar Pradesh and covers an area of 490.3 square kilometre, with a buffer zone of 190 square km. It is part of the Dudhwa tiger reserve. It is located on the Indo-Nepal border in the Lakhimpur Kheri district, and has buffer of reserved forest areas on the northern and southern sides. It supports a large number of endangered species, obligate species of tall wet grasslands and species of restricted distribution. In the mid-1980s, Indian Rhinoceros was reintroduced into Dudhwa from Assam and Nepal.

Hoolock gibbon, an endangered species is the only ape found in India. Their population has declined by at least 50% over the past 40 years due to hunting and habitat loss. Kaziranga National Park is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of Assam. It contains Hoolock gibbon that is one of its most important attractions. Thus the correct answer is option A.

Species diversity is the diversity at the species level. For example, the western Ghats have a greater amphibian species diversity than the eastern Ghats. Although India has only 2.4 per cent of the world's land area, its share of the global species diversity is an impressive 8.1 per cent. That is what makes our country one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world.

State bird of Rajasthan is great Indian Bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps). It is long necked, long bared legged, ground bird. It is protected in desert national park in Jaisalmer, Karera sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh and great Indian bustard sanctuary in Maharashtra.

• Bandipur in Karnataka state is the site of Bandipur National park, IUCN category II (national park), and Bengal tiger in Bandipur.
  
• Tiger conservation efforts are on in 28 national parks/sanctuaries. One such location is Bandipur. 
  
• Bandipur National Park is one of the best tiger reserves in the country and a prominent national park in Karnataka.
  
• So, the correct answer is option A.

Similipal is located in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha. It is a tiger reserve, biosphere reserve, national park, wildLife sanctuary, 
The Similipal tiger reserve is a compact block of elevated plateau located in central portion of the Mayurbhanj district. The stretch of forest including Similipal, spread over an area of 2750 square km was declared as tiger reserve with effect from 04-12-1973 under 'Project Tiger Scheme' of Government of India.
Similipal reserve forest  is the biggest reserve forest block of India with an area of 2271.78 km. The forest is a potential habitat both for wild animals and plants with good population of tigers, leopards, elephants, chital, sambar and 304 species of birds. 
The Similipal biosphere reserve came into existence during 1994 as per 'Man And Biosphere (MAB) programme' of UNESCO with the objective of bringing the people and domestic cattle along with the 'Forest & Wildlife' into one fold of management so that the economic condition of the people is enriched through eco-development programmes, so that the dependency on the forest is reduced. 

• Both Lantana camara  and Water hyacinth are native to South America.
  
• Lantana camara was introduced in India around 1807 along with other plants that were introduced due to colonization or through travellers. 
• Water hyacinth too was introduced around 1800 as an ornamental species for its floating habit and beautiful flowers.
• Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent.
• Prosopis cineraria or Ghaf is native to arid portions of Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent,
  
• Nile perch is a freshwater fish native to African lakes, including Lake Albert and Lake Turkana.
  

So, the correct answer is 'Lantana camara, Water hyacinth'