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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 27

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 27
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  • Question 1
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    Assertion : Diversity observed in the entire geographical area is called as gamma diversity.

    Reason : Biodiversity decreases from high altitude to low altitude.
    Solution
    Community and ecosystem diversity is of three types- alpha, beta and gamma. 
    Alpha diversity is the species diversity in a given community or habitat, alpha diversity is dependent upon species richness and evenness or equitability. 
    Beta diversity is biodiversity, which appears in a range of communities due to the replacement of species with the change in community or habitat due to the presence of different micro-habitats, niches and difference in environment conditions. 
    Gamma diversity is diversity present in ranges of communities as represented by the diversity of habitats or ecosystems over a total landscape or geographical area. 
    Biodiversity is not uniform on the Earth. It varies with the change in latitude or altitude. 
    Biodiversity increase, when we move from high to low latitude (i.e., from the poles to the equator)
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
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    In elephants, the tusks are
    Solution
    Incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging in elephant. In the African elephants, tusks are present in both males and females, and are around the same length in both sexes, but those of males tend to be thicker. In the Asian species, only the males have large tusks. Female Asians elephants have very small ones, or none at all.
  • Question 3
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    Ecological diversity includes
    Solution
    • In our biosphere immense diversity (or heterogeneity) exists not only at the species level but at all levels of biological organization ranging from macromolecules within cells to biomes. 
    • Biodiversity is the term popularized by sociobiologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organization. 
    • The most important of them are -
    (i) Genetic diversity.
    (ii) Species diversity.
    (iii) Ecological diversity.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
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    The species, though insignificant in number, determine the existence of many other species in a given ecosystem. Such species is known as
    Solution
    Keystone species is a species, which has a significant and disproportionately large influence on the community structure and characteristics. It has often considerably low abundance and biomass, as compared to dominant species. Removal or decrease in number of keystone species, causes serious disruption in structure and function of community. In intertidal region, starfish feeds on mussels. Removal of starfish leads to dominance of mussel population, that excludes algae and browsing species.
  • Question 5
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    The dolphin found in chilika lake is
    Solution
    The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) is a euryhaline species of oceanic dolphin found in discontinuous subpopulations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the bay of Bengal and southeast AsiaAlthough sometimes called as the Irrawaddy river dolphin, it is not a true river dolphin, but an oceanic dolphin, that lives in brackish water near coasts, river mouths and in estuaries. It has established sub-populations in freshwater rivers, including the Ganges and the Mekong, as well as the Irrawaddy river from which it takes its name. 
    In India; it is found in brackish-water Chilka lake and its presence has been recorded from 'Sunderbans national park' also.
  • Question 6
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    Identify the odd combination of the habitat and the particular animal concerned.
    Solution
    The Dachigam national park is located in Srinagar. It is concerned with protection of Kashmir stag or hangul.
    Sunderbans is located in 24 Pargana, West Bengal. It is concerned with protection of tiger.
    Periyar sanctuary is located in Idukki, Kerala. It is concerned with protection of elephant.
    Rann of Kutch is a marine national park located in Gujarat. It is concerned with protection of wild ass
    So, the correct answer is 'Dachigam national park - Snow leopard'
  • Question 7
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    Identify the correct pair of an animal and its habitat region.
    Solution
    Marine national park, Rann of Kutch, Gujarat is an important nesting ground for flamingo birds. It is Asia's largest flamingo breeding ground. Whereas Ranthambore is the tiger reserves, Dachigam is famous for Kashmir stag and Assam (Kaziranga national park)is famous for rhinoceros. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
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    'Evil Quartet' is related with
    Solution
    • The evil quartet is the concept that describes the reasons which cause a decrease in the number of species. 
    • There is a loss of biodiversity due to four main reasons which were known as the four horsemen of the ecological apocalypse. 
    • The reasons are overexploitation, loss of habitat, the introduction of exotic species, and co-extinction of species. 
    • These reasons were studied by the researchers and were put forward as the main reasons for the future extinction of the species. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In India, commonly available rhesus monkey is
    Solution
    The rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is distributed all over India. They are greatly adapted to living with humans. Hence they live close to human dwellings and are found in urban and agricultural areas. Thus the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is responsible for the extinction of wildlife?
    Solution
    The important causes of biodiversity losses or species extinctions, that the world is facing now, are largely due to human activities. There are four major causes -
    (i) Habitat loss and fragmentation (includes deforestation and pollution).
    (ii) Over-exploitation (includes hunting, fishing and other such activities).
    (iii) Alien species invasions.
    (iv) Co-extinctions.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
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