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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 33

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 33
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    The first biosphere reserve established in India for conserving the gene pool of flora and fauna and the life style of tribals is
    Solution
    The 'Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve' was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. It is located in the Western Ghats and includes  2 of  the 10  biogeographical provinces of India.  
    A wide range of ecosystems and species diversity  are found in this  region. Thus, it was  a natural choice for the premier  biosphere reserve of  the country.
    It was established mainly to fulfill the following objectives: 
    1. To conserve insitu genetic diversity of species.
    2. To restore degraded ecosystems to their natural conditions.
    3. To provide baseline data for ecological and environmental research and education.
    4. To function as an alternate model for sustainable development.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following ape is found in India?
    Solution
    Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family historically contained one genus, but now is split into four genera. Gibbons occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from eastern Bangladesh and northeast India to southern China and Indonesia (including the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java). The Hoolock gibbons, are two primate species of genus Hoolock in the gibbon family, Hylobatidae, native to eastern Bangladesh, Northeast India and Southwest China. In northeast India, the hoolock is found south of Brahmaputra and east of the Dibang Rivers. Its range extends into seven states covering Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Rajaji National Park is situated in 
    Solution
    'Rajaji National Park' is an Indian national park, that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the foothills of the Himalayas. It is spread over 820 km., in Uttaranchal.  In 1983, three wildlife sanctuaries in the area namely, Chilla, Motichur and Rajaji sanctuaries were merged into one. 
    Rajaji National Park has been named after C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji), a prominent leader of the freedom struggle, the second and last Governor-General of independent India and one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna (in 1954). 
    Rajaji National Park is predominantly formed from dense green jungles, and this environment forms a habitat for a number of animals. The Park is at the northwestern limit of distribution for both elephants and tigers in India, and has the largest population of elephants in Uttarakhand.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Plant genes of endangered species are stored in 
    Solution
    Gene banks are a type of biorepository, which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing, cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seedbank). 
    For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. 
    With corals, fragments are taken, which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions. Plant genetic material in a 'gene bank' is preserved at $$-196^0C$$ in liquid nitrogen as mature seed (dry). 
    In plants, it is possible to unfreeze the material and propagate it, however, in animals, a living female is required for artificial insemination. While it is often difficult to utilize frozen animal sperm and eggs, there are many examples of it being done successfully.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Genetic diversity will be more common in organisms with 
    Solution
    • Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species. Each species is made up of individuals, that have their own particular genetic composition.
    • Within a species, there may also be discrete populations with distinctive genes. 
    • Asexual reproduction results in no new gene configurations, so the offspring is genetically identical to the parent. 
    • Sexual reproduction results in offspring, that receives genes from two parents.
    • The advantage of sexual reproduction occurs when the two parents come from different populations.
    • This way the genetic information is the combination of two parents from two separate populations. 

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Valuable plant materials likely to become irretrievably lost in the wild or cultivation are kept preserved in viable conditions in
    Solution
    Gene banks are a type of biorepository, which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant, or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seed bank). For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. With corals, fragments are taken which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions.
    Plant genetic material in a 'gene bank' is preserved at $$-196^0$$C in liquid nitrogen as mature seed (dry).
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is not included under in-situ conservation? 
    Solution
    In-situ conservation is the method of conservation of organisms in their natural habitat. National park, sanctuary and biosphere reserve are the methods of in-situ conservation. Botanical garden is an area where cultivation of wide variety of plants is done for the purpose of research and education.
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The loss of the sum total and variety of all the genes and their alleles present in a population or species is called as
    Solution
    Genetic erosion is a process whereby an already limited gene pool of an endangered species of plant or animal diminishes even more, when individuals from the surviving population die off without getting a chance to meet and breed with others in their endangered low population. 
    The term is sometimes used in a narrow sense, such as when describing the loss of particular alleles or genes, as well as being used more broadly, as when referring to the loss of varieties or even whole species.
    Genetic erosion occurs because each individual organism has many unique genes, which get lost when it dies without getting a chance to breed. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Genetic diversity is essential for 
    Solution
    The wide variety of genes in a species is known as its genetic diversity. Genetic diversity helps the organisms to adapt themselves to the changing environmental conditions due to the variations in the alleles of the individuals of the species. The individuals with the alleles more fit to survive in an environment will grow and reproduce thus maintaining themselves and will also lead to continuous survival of species generation after generation. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Greatest genetic diversity is found in areas where 
    Solution
    Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species. Each species is made up of individuals that have their own particular genetic composition. Within a species there may also be discrete populations with distinctive genes. Speciation is the evolutionary process by which new biological species arise. The biologist Orator F. Cook was the first to coin the term 'speciation' for the splitting of lineages or "cladogenesis," as opposed to "anagenesis" or "phyletic evolution" occurring within lineages.
    More diversity will be introduced to gene pool when speciation occurs; as a result of which more and more species will be produced.
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