Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 6

The extent to which numbers of different species are equal or skewed well refer to species eveness or relative abundance. Species eveness or relative abundance depends upon availability of natural resources essential for organisms.

Cryopreservation is the method of preserving living organisms or their parts at extremely low temperature. The seeds that rapidly lose viability and cannot survive desiccation are preserved by this method.

Around the world, 35 areas qualify as hotspots. They represent just 2.3% of Earth's land surface, but they support more than half of the world's plant species as endemics — i.e., species found no place else — and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics.

Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest on land that is not a forest, or has not been a forest for a long time by planting trees or their seeds. The term may also be applied to the legal conversion of land into the status of royal forest.

This conversion of land is done to protect the particular species endemic to area.

Evolution is the gradual change in the traits of a species over the time to adopt in a particular habitat. Amount of evolution or evolutionary potential will be determined by amount of genetic variation because traits are determined by genes.

Gene pool is the sum total of gemone of different organism of a particular species. Reduction of gene pool is mainly caused by genetic drift along with reasons like geographical isolations.

Keystone species is plant of animal that plays a unique and crucial role in the way an ecosystem functions. The species diversity in an ecosystem is stabalised by keystone species through food web and preventing competition.

Gene flow or movement of genes leads to homogenized populations of an species in an ecosystem. Homogenized populations have all the species having almost same genetic makeup.

A​​​​​​s per the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, the objectives of conservation of biodiversity are:

(a) To increase public awareness through media, government agencies, NGOs, etc. (b) To implement strict restrictions on export of rare plants and animals.

(c) To preserve all varieties of old and new flora, fauna and microbes.

(d) To protect natural habitats.

(e) To protect all critically endangered, endangered, and rare species.

(f) To reduce pollution.

(g) To maintain ecological balance.

(h) To utilize the natural resources in a sustainable way.