Biodiversity and Conservation Test

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 61

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Biodiversity loss occurs due to
(i) habitat loss and fragmentation
(ii) co-extinction
(iii) over-exploitation
(iv) alien species invasion.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(i), (ii) and (iii)

C
(ii), (iii) and (iv)

D
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

The world is facing accelerated rates of species extinction, largely due to human interference. There are four major causes collectively called as the evil quarter.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following is an ecosystem service provided by a natural ecosystem?

A
Cycling of nutrients

B
Prevention of soil erosion

C
Pollutant absorption and reduction of the threat of global warming

D
All of the above

Solution

$$\textbf{Correct option: (D)}$$

$$\textbf{Explanation for correct option:}$$

$$\bullet$$ The products of ecosystem processes are named as ecosystem services.

$$\bullet$$ Soil formation and its protection are the major ecosystem services accounting for nearly 50% of their total worth.

$$\bullet$$ Plant cover protects the soil from drastic changes in temperature as well as reduces wind and water erosion, landslides and floods.

$$\bullet$$ The plant cover removes $$CO_2$$ and releases $$O_2$$. It also helps in absorbing polluting gases and causes settling of suspended particles.

$$\bullet$$ Increase vegetation cover, lowers the $$CO_2$$ concentration in atmosphere which reduces the threat of global warming.

$$\bullet$$ The soil fertility is maintained and there is no overall depletion of nutrients as they get repeatedly circulated.

$$\bullet$$ Hence the correct option is (D)
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the given statements is true?

A
National parks are meant for the protection of fauna only.

B
Wildlife sanctuaries are meant for the protection of both flora and fauna.

C
Activities like collection of forest products, harvesting of timber, private ownership of land, etc. are allowed in national parks.

D
None of these

Solution

Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting wild plant and animal species and their habitat. Wildlife plays an important role in balancing the ecosystem. It provides stability to different natural processes of nature like rainfall(transpiration from plant),changing of temperature (heat evolution by animals), fertility of soil (making of manure by earthworm). The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure that nature will be around for future generations to enjoy and also to recognize the importance of wildlife and wilderness for humans and other species alike. Many nations have government agencies and NGOs dedicated to wildlife conservation, which help to implement policies designed to protect wildlife. Numerous independent non-profit organizations also promote various wildlife conservation causes.
So the correct option is 'wildlife sanctuaries are meant for the protection of both flora and fauna'
Question 4
1 / -0

What is common to the seed banks, orchards, tissue culture and cryopreservation?

A
All are in situ conservation methods.

B
All are ex situ conservation methods.

C
All require ultramodern equipment and very large space.

D
All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms.

Solution

Ex situ conservation literally means, "off-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat; for example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans.[1][2] The degree to which humans control or modify the natural dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from predation and mortality. Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species' natural geographic range. Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside an ecological niche. This means that they are not under the same selection pressures as wild populations, and they may undergo artificial selection if maintained ex situ for multiple generations.
The storage of seeds, pollen, tissue, or embryos in liquid nitrogen. This method can be used for virtually infinite storage of material without deterioration over a much greater time-period relative to all other methods of ex situ conservation. Cryopreservation is also used for the conservation of livestock genetics through Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources. Technical limitations prevent the cryopreservation of many species, but cryobiology is a field of active research, and many studies concerning plants are underway.
Somatic tissue can be stored in vitro for short periods of time. This is done in a light and temperature controlled environment that regulates the growth of cells. As a ex situ conservation technique tissue culture is primary used for clonal propagation of vegetative tissue or immature seeds. This allows for the proliferation of clonal plants from a relatively small amount of parent tissue.
The storage of seeds in a temperature and moisture controlled environment. This technique is used for taxa with orthodox seeds that tolerate desiccation. Seed bank facilities vary from sealed boxes to climate controlled walk-in freezers or vaults. Taxa with recalcitrant seeds that do not tolerate desiccation are typically not held in seed banks for extended periods of time.
Micropropagation is one of the ex situ techniques that has been used increasingly for the conservation of endangered plants. This in vitro technique aids in mass propagation of the plant species facing risk of extinction. The application of plant tissue culture techniques in orchid conservation and propagation requires an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol.
So the correct option is 'all are ex situ conservation methods'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following statements regarding the ethical argument for conserving biodiversity is incorrect?

A
We owe to millions of plant, animal and microbe species with whom we share this planet.

B
Every species has an intrinsic value only when it is of an economic value to us.

C
It is our moral duty to care for the well-being of all species i.e. our biological legacy

D
All of these

Solution

Every species has an intrinsic value in the ecological balance even if it does not have economic value to us.
So, the incorrect option is 'Every species has intrinsic value only when it is of economic value to us'.
Question 6
1 / -0

One of the situ conservation methods for endangered species is

A
wildlife sanctuaries

B
biosphere reserves

C
cryopreservation

D
national parks.

Solution

Cryopreservation or cryo-conservation is a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs or any other biological constructs susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling to very low temperatures (typically −80 °C using solid carbon dioxide or −196 °C using liquid nitrogen). At low enough temperatures, any enzymatic or chemical activity which might cause damage to the biological material in question is effectively stopped. Cryopreservation methods seek to reach low temperatures without causing additional damage caused by the formation of ice crystals during freezing. Traditional cryopreservation has relied on coating the material to be frozen with a class of molecules termed cryoprotectants. New methods are constantly being investigated due to the inherent toxicity of many cryoprotectants. By default it should be considered that cryopreservation alters or compromises the structure and function of cells unless it is proven otherwise for a particular cell population. Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources is the process in which animal genetic material is collected and stored with the intention of conservation of the breed.
So the correct option is 'cryopreservation'.
Question 7
1 / -0

The one-horned rhinoceros is specific to which of the following sanctuary?

A
Bhitar Kanika

B
Bandipur

C
Kaziranga

D
Corbett park

Solution

Kaziranga National Park is the name to exemplify the most popular conservation efforts to save the endangered species like one-horned rhinoceros in India. Located in the Golaghat and Nagaon district of Assam, this most notable wildlife sanctuary is being declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the year 1985. The park resides at an edge of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspot and this could be the perfect reason to envision high degrees of diversified species with great visibility. The park lies in the flood plains of Brahmaputra River and so every year the region is completely drenched with high water level; so do the wildlife gets affected by it too. And keeping such messy situation in mind, the park officials are always ready for every kind of provision for the safety of the jungle beings of Kaziranga.
The correct option is 'Kaziranga'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following countries has the highest biodiversity?

A
Brazil

B
South Africa

C
Russia

D
India
Solution
- Brazil is the country with the highest biodiversity in the world. One-tenth of the world's overall species lives here.
- India is on the eighth spot whereas South Africa is the thirteenth on the list.
- Russia has comparatively low biodiversity due to its climate and availability of resources.
So the correct answer is ' Brazil'.
Question 9
1 / -0

What is common to the techniques (i) in vitro fertilisation, (ii) Cryopreservation and (iii) tissue culture?

A
All are in situ conservation methods.

B
All are ex situ conservation methods.

C
All require ultra morden equipment and large space.

D
All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms.

Solution

Ex situ conservation literally means, "off-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat; for example, by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans. The degree to which humans control or modify the natural dynamics of the managed population varies widely, and this may include alteration of living environments, reproductive patterns, access to resources, and protection from predation and mortality. Ex situ management can occur within or outside a species' natural geographic range. Individuals maintained ex situ exist outside an ecological niche. This means that they are not under the same selection pressures as wild populations, and they may undergo artificial selection if maintained ex situ for multiple generation.
(i) In-vitro fertilisation: In vitro fertilisation is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro. The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, removing an ovum or ova from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a liquid in a laboratory.
(ii) Cryopreservation: The storage of seeds, pollen, tissue, or embryos in liquid nitrogen. This method can be used for virtually indefinite storage of material without deterioration over a much greater time-period relative to all other methods of ex situ conservation. Cryopreservation is also used for the conservation of livestock genetics through Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources.
(iii) Tissue culture: Somatic tissue can be stored in vitro for short periods of time. This is done in a light and temperature controlled environment that regulates the growth of cells. As a ex situ conservation technique tissue culture is primary used for clonal propagation of vegetative tissue or immature seeds. This allows for the proliferation of clonal plants from a relatively small amount of parent tissue.
So the correct option is 'all are ex situ conservation methods'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Among the ecosystem mentioned below where can one maximum biodiversity?

A
Mangroves

B
Desert

C
Coral reefs

D
Alpine Meadows

Solution

Ecosystem diversity deals with the variations in ecosystems within a geographical location and its overall impact on human existence and the environment. Ecosystem diversity is a type of biodiversity. It is the variation in the ecosystems found in a region or the variation in ecosystems over the whole planet. Biodiversity is important because it clears out our water, changes out climate, and provides us with food. Ecological diversity includes the variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological diversity can also take into account the variation in the complexity of a biological community, including the number of different niches, the number of trophic levels and other ecological processes. A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups. Often called "rainforests of the sea", shallow coral reefs form some of Earth's most diverse ecosystems. They occupy less than 0.1% of the world's ocean area, about half the area of France, yet they provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, including fish, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, echinoderms, sponges, tunicates and other cnidarians.
So the correct option is 'coral reefs'.

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 61

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 61

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Question 1

(i) and (ii)

(i), (ii) and (iii)

(ii), (iii) and (iv)

(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

Solution

Question 2

Cycling of nutrients

Prevention of soil erosion

Pollutant absorption and reduction of the threat of global warming

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

National parks are meant for the protection of fauna only.

Wildlife sanctuaries are meant for the protection of both flora and fauna.

Activities like collection of forest products, harvesting of timber, private ownership of land, etc. are allowed in national parks.

None of these

Solution

Question 4

All are in situ conservation methods.

All are ex situ conservation methods.

All require ultramodern equipment and very large space.

All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms.

Solution

Question 5

We owe to millions of plant, animal and microbe species with whom we share this planet.

Every species has an intrinsic value only when it is of an economic value to us.

It is our moral duty to care for the well-being of all species i.e. our biological legacy

All of these

Solution

Question 6

wildlife sanctuaries

biosphere reserves

cryopreservation

national parks.

Solution

Question 7

Bhitar Kanika

Bandipur

Kaziranga

Corbett park

Solution

Question 8

Brazil

South Africa

Russia

India

Solution

Question 9

All are in situ conservation methods.

All are ex situ conservation methods.

All require ultra morden equipment and large space.

All are methods of conservation of extinct organisms.

Solution

Question 10

Mangroves

Desert

Coral reefs

Alpine Meadows

Solution

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