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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 74

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Biodiversity and Conservation Test - 74
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  • Question 1
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    Which of the following bird has gained importance as wild life in recent year?
    Solution
    Wildlife is the most important natural resorce which needs to be conserved. The great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps) or Indian bustard is a bustard that can be traced in India and the adjoining regions of Pakistan. It is characterized by a horizontal body and long bare legs giving it an ostrich-like appearance, this bird is among the heaviest of the flying birds. Once common on the dry plains of the Indian subcontinent, as few as 250 individuals were estimated in 2011 to survive and the species is critically endangered by hunting and loss of its habitat, which consists of large expanses of dry grassland and scrub. These birds are often found associated in the same habitat as blackbuck. In Rajasthan, the largest stronghold of the 'Great Indian Bustard', became the first state to announce a plan to recover its critically endangered state bird.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 2
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    Animals like cockroach, lizards and mice share buildings of human dwellings. Such animals are
    Solution
    In zoology, an inquiline (from Latin inquilinus, "lodger" or "tenant") is an animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, or dwelling place of an animal of another species. For example, some organisms such as insects may live in the homes of gophers and feed on debris, fungi, roots, etc.  
    An 'Endemic Species' is one that is only found in that region and nowhere else in the world. As such they are of conservation concern because they are not widespread and may be confined to only one or two protected areas. 
    A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism. Transplant means to remove, and plant in another place; as, to transplant trees. Thus the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
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    Only ape found in India in its natural habitat is 
    Solution
    Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae. The family historically contained one genus, but now is split into four genera. Gibbons occur in tropical and subtropical rainforests from eastern Bangladesh and northeast India to southern China and Indonesia (including the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java). There are nine species found in South east Asia of entirely arboreal apes. They are the smallest, lightest and most agile of the apes. Orangutan is largest living arboreal mammal living in rainforests of Sumatra and Borneo. Gorilla is the largest of all primate species, where male weigh about over 200 kg. Chimpanzee are very close to man and are Knuckle walkers.
  • Question 4
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    Which one of the following is the correctly matched pair of an endangered animal and its national park? 
    Solution
    The 'Keoladeo National Park' formerly known as the 'Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary' in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary, that plays host to thousands of birds especially during the winter season. 
    'Jim Corbett National Park' is the oldest national park in India and was established in 1936 as 'Hailey National Park' to protect the endangered Bengal tiger. 
    'Kaziranga National Park' is a national park in the Golaghat and Nagaon districts of the state of Assam, India. It is a world heritage site, the park hosts two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceroses.
    'The Dudhwa National Park' is a national park in the terai of Uttar Pradesh, India, and covers an area of 490.3 km, with a buffer zone of 190 km. It is part of the 'Dudhwa Tiger Reserve'.
  • Question 5
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    A more suitable place among following, for germplasm collection would be
    Solution
    Germplasm can be defined as the living genetic resources such as seeds or tissue maintained for the purpose of breeding, preservation, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, trees growing in nurseries, animal breeding lines maintained in animal breeding programs or gene banks, etc. Germplasm collections can range from collections of wild species to elite, domesticated breeding lines that have undergone extensive human selection.
    Holstein-Friesian (HF) gene bank collections were established in France to conserve genetic diversity for this breed. The cryobanks have captured substantial amounts of genetic diversity for the HF compared with the current populations. A substantial part of the US, French, and Dutch collections seems to be genetically similar. On the other hand, the US collection, in particular, represents an interesting reservoir of HF genes of the past. Gene banks can play an important role in conserving genetic diversity within livestock breeds over time and may support industry in the future when needed.
  • Question 6
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    Choose the wrong statement.
    Solution
    Statement A is incorrect as species diversity decreases and not increases as we move away from the equator towards the poles temperature decreases and conditions becomes harsh, vegetation decreases and less resources available to support species. 
    Statement B is correct as Stellar's sea cow and passenger pigeon had extinct which is because of over exploitation by man. 
    Statement C is correct as Lantana and Eicchornia are invasive weed species in India. These weeds invades disturbed natural ecosystems and adversely affects biodiversity. The weed is distributed throughout India.
    Statement D is correct as the historic 'Convention on Biological Diversity' was held in 1992, Biodiversity Convention which is a multilateral treaty. 
    Statement E is correct as among animals insects are the most species rich taxonomic group, they are most abundant species among animals.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The most threatening factor for the survival of plant biodiversity is 
    Solution
    • Habitat destruction is the process of loss of natural habitat due to which the organisms that previously used the site are displaced or destroyed, reducing biodiversity. 
    • Habitat destruction by human activity is mainly for agriculture, harvesting natural resources for industrial production, and urbanization. 
    • Habitat destruction is currently ranked as the primary cause of species extinction worldwide.
    • So, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
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    Which one of the following pairs of geographical areas show maximum biodiversity in our country?
    Solution
    Biodiversity mainly depends on upon the climatic and geographical conditions available in a particular region. The Western Ghat runs along the western edge of peninsular India. It supports a diverse range of flora and fauna. There are over 6000 vascular plants belonging to over 2500 genera in this hotspot, of which over 3000 are endemic. It is a rich source of spices such as black pepper and cardamom. The highest concentration of species in the Western Ghats is believed to be the Agasthyamalai Hills in the extreme south. The region also harbors over 450 bird species, about 140 mammalian species, 260 reptiles, and 175 amphibians. Over 60% of the reptiles and amphibians are completely endemic to the hotspot. 
    The Eastern Himalayas is the region encompassing Bhutan, northeastern India, and southern, central, and eastern Nepal. The region is geologically young and shows high altitudinal variation. The Eastern Himalayan hotspot has nearly 163 globally threatened species including the one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), the wild Asian water buffalo and in all 45 mammals, 50 birds, 17 reptiles, 12 amphibians, 3 invertebrate and 36 plant species. 
    So, the correct answer is 'Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    'Valley of Flowers' is found in 
    Solution
    'Valley of Flowers National Park' is an Indian national park, located in West Himalaya, in the state of Uttarakhand and is known for its meadows of endemic alpine flowers and the variety of flora. This richly diverse area is also home to rare and endangered animals, including the Asiatic black bear, snow leopard, musk deer, brown bear, red fox, and blue sheep. Birds found in the park include Himalayan Monal Pheasant and other high altitude birds.  At 3352 to 3658 meters above sea level, the gentle landscape of the 'Valley of Flowers National Park' complements the rugged mountain wilderness of 'Nanda Devi National Park' to the east. Together, they encompass a unique transition zone between the mountain ranges of the Zanskar and Great Himalaya. 
  • Question 10
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    Which of the following sanctuaries has been promoted by Punjab Govt. for ecotourism?
    Solution
    'Harike Wetland' also known as "Hari-ke-Pattan", with the Harike Lake in the deeper part of it, is the largest wetland in northern India in the Tarn Taran Sahib district of the Punjab state in India. The wetland and the lake were formed by constructing the headworks across the Sutlej river, in 1953.This man-made, riverine, lacustrine wetland spreads into the three districts of Amritsar, Ferozepur and Kapurthala in Punjab and covers an area of 4100 ha. Conservation of this wetland has been given due importance, since 198788, both by the 'Ministry of Environment and Forests', Government of India and the 'Punjab State Government' (through its several agencies), and over the years several studies and management programmes have been implemented. 
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