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Environmental Issues Test - 18

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Environmental Issues Test - 18
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Ozone in stratosphere extends
    Solution
    The ozone layer can be traced in the stratosphere. It extends to 20-25 km away from the surface of the earth. It helps to absorb the ultraviolet radiation.
    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The stratospheric ozone depletion leads to?
    Solution
    • Thinning of ozone layer increases the amount of UV-B radiations reaching the earth. 
    • This may lead to incidences of cataract, skin cancers, photo burning etc. 
    • Decreased photosynthetic activity will increase carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere resulting in global warming. 
    • Increased exposure of radiations may also lead to forest fires especially during dry summers.
    So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
  • Question 3
    1 / -0

    Assertion : Agricultural output increased several times after introduction of DDT.

    Reason : DDT was the first insecticide used on a wide scale.

    Solution
    Answer is option A
    DDT is toxic to wide range of insect pests while being least toxic to mammals. DDT is persistent and do not break down rapidly in the environment, so it didn’t have to be reapplied often. DDT was effective at killing pests which eventually lead to boost crop yields. Farmers used more and more DDT throughout the 1950s and 1960s to get an increased yield of crop.
  • Question 4
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    Assertion :Presently, the global atmosphere is warming up.

    Reason :The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer has resulted in increase in ultraviolet radiations reaching the earth. 

    Solution
    The warming up of global atmosphere present day is due to the increase in green house effect. Green house effect (GHE) describe the roles of water vapour, CO2CO_2 and other trace gases in keeping the Earth's surface warmer than it would be otherwise.These radiatively active gases are relatively transparent to incoming shortwave radiation (visible spectrum), but are relatively opaque to outgoing reradiating (infrared rays) longwave radiation. The latter radiation, which would otherwise escape to space, is trapped by these gases within the lower levels of the atmosphere. The subsequent reradiation of some of the energy back to the surface maintains surface temperature higher than they would be if the gases were absent (without the green house effect the Earth's average global temperature would be 18 degree celsius rather than the present 15 degree celsius). There is concern that increasing concentration of the green house gases including CO2, CH4, and man made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS), may enhance the green house effect and cause global warming. Ozone layer present in the stratosphere is depleted by the aerosols and chloroflurocarbons. Ozone protects the earth from high energy ultra violet radiation. So, the correct answer is 'If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion'
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of
    Solution
    Decomposition of organic matter by microbes requires oxygen. Degree of impurity of water due to organic matter is measured in terms of Biochemical oxygen demand or (BOD). BOD is the oxygen required by microorganisms to completely metabolise organic wastes present in water.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    A large quantity of urban sewage is drained into nearby village river. Which among the given conditions would happen after mixing of sewage into the river?
    (i) Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of receiving water body increases.
    (ii) Dissolved oxygen of receiving water body decreases.
    (iii) It will not cause mortality among fishes and other aquatic creatures.
    (iv) It will lead to the nutrient enrichment of receiving water body. 
    Solution
    When sewage, having biodegradable organic matter is released into the water body, microorganisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter (in the receiving water body) consume a lot of oxygen to decompose the sewage and as a result there would be a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage discharge and biological oxygen demand (BOD) would increase. Presence of sewage causes nutrient enrichment (large amount of nutrients) in water which causes excessive growth of planktonic (free-floating) algae, called algal bloom. Algal bloom causes deterioration of water quality and fish mortality .
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    If biomedical waste is not handled properly, people are likely to be affected by
    Solution
    • The biomedical wastes may contain the blood, disposed of cotton, bandages, tissues, needles, syringes, etc. 
    • These biomedical wastes should be disposed of properly through incineration. 
    • The wastes if not handled properly might result in bacterial infections, AIDS, tuberculosis, hepatitis, etc. 
    • AIDS is a syndrome that is acquired due to HIV which can be present in the blood of the infected person.
    • The infected blood may lead to the spread of the disease. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option B. 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    According to origin, identify the secondary air pollutant.
    Solution
    • On the basis of the origin, there are different types of air pollutants. 
    • The primary pollutant is directly released into the atmosphere from the wastes. The secondary pollutants are produced due to the reaction of the primary pollutant with some other gases. 
    • The ozone is considered as the secondary air pollutant because it is formed due to the interaction of the volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. 
    • Thus, the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one is not dangerous for life and atmosphere?
    Solution
    Ozone layer or shield is present in the stratosphere. It is also called Ozonosphere. Ozonosphere lies at an altitude of 23 to 25 km over the equator and at slightly lower altitude elsewhere. Ninety percent of atmospheric ozone is present in the ozonosphere. Ozone found in the stratosphere is useful for life on earth as it protects the earth from harmful ultra-violet rays and other radiations.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
    Solution
    The gases which are transparent to solar radiation but retain and partially reflect back long wave heat radiations are called greenhouse gases. The various greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxide. Other gases of minor significance are water vapour and ozone. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
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