Environmental Issues Test

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Environmental Issues Test - 30

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

BOD is

A
The-amount of $$O_2$$ utilised by organisms in water

B
The amount of $$O_2 $$ utilised by micro organisms for decomposition

C
The total amount of $$O_2 $$ present in water

D
All of the above

Solution

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
Micro-organisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter in the receiving water body consume a lot of oxygen, and as a result there is a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage discharge. This causes mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures.
Question 2
1 / -0

When domestic sewage mixes with river water

A
Small animals like rats will die after drinking river water.

B
The increased microbial activity release micro nutrients, such as iron.

C
The increased microbial activity uses up dissolved oxygen.

D
The river water is still suitable for drinking as impurities are only about 0.1%.

Solution

Domestic sewage primarily contains biodegradable organic matter, which readily decomposes by bacteria and other microorganisms, which can multiply using these organic substances as substrates and hence, utilise some of the components of sewage. It is possible to estimate the amount of biodegradable organic matter in sewage water by measuring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Microorganisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter in the receiving water body consume a lot of oxygen, and as a result there is a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage discharge. This causes mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures.
Question 3
1 / -0

The major source of BOD in the river Ganga is

A
Leaf litter

B
Fishes

C
Human waste

D
Aquatic plants

Solution

The Ganges river basin is one of the most fertile and densely populated regions in the world that covers an area of 1,80,000 $$km^2$$. The river flows through 29 cities with population over 100,000; 23 cities with population between 50,000 and 100,000, and about 48 towns.
A large proportion of the waste in the Ganges is from this population through domestic usage like bathing, laundry and public defecation. An analysis of the Ganges water in 2006 showed significant associations between waterborne or enteric disease due to the use of the river for bathing, laundry, washing, eating, cleaning utensils, and brushing teeth.
Question 4
1 / -0

'Biological Oxygen Demand' (BOD) is a measure of

A
Industrial wastes poured into water bodies.

B
Extent to which water is polluted with organic compounds.

C
Amount of carbon monooxide inseparably combined with haemoglobin.

D
Amount of oxygen needed by green plants during night.

Solution

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. The BOD measures the amount of oxygen consumed by biochemical oxidation of waste contaminants. The total amount of oxygen consumed when the biochemical reaction is allowed to proceed to completion is called as the ultimate BOD. The BOD is universally adopted as a measure of relative pollution effect.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which of the following is a correct statement?

A
Biogas contains 55% of nitrogen.

B
Producer gas contains 33% of carbon monoxide.

C
CO$$_2$$ is the major constituent in biogas and producer gas.

D
None of the above.

Solution

The biogas is produced due to the activity of the organisms which help in the anaerobic degradation of the wastes. The biogas contains methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and certain other gases. The percentage of nitrogen in the biogas is about 0-5%. The main component of the biogas is methane which is about 45-65%. The amount of carbon dioxide is about 30-40%.
Producer gas is a mixture of gases. This mixture contains many inflammable gases. The major component is carbon monoxide of about 21.7% production:
The amount of carbon dioxide in the gas is about 12.5%.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

Increase in BOD of water reservoir is due to

A
Algae

B
Soil

C
Moss

D
Waste product

Solution

Biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms (e.g., aerobic bacteria) in the oxidation of organic matter. Natural sources of organic matter include plant decay and leaf fall. However, plant growth and decay may be unnaturally accelerated when nutrients and sunlight are overly abundant due to human influence. Urban runoff carries pet wastes from streets and sidewalks, nutrients from lawn fertilizers; leaves, grass clippings, and paper from residential areas, which increase oxygen demand. Oxygen consumed in the decomposition process reduces other aquatic organisms of the oxygen they need to live. If dissolved oxygen concentrations drop below 5 parts per million (ppm), fish will be unable to live for very long. This can occur in the form of organic pollution for sources such as domestic sewage, septic tank leakage, and fertilizer runoff, or could be in the form of inorganics from domestic or industrial sources.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

BOD is related with

A
Organic matter

B
Microbes

C
Both A and B

D
None of the above

Solution

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
Micro-organisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter in the receiving water body consume a lot of oxygen, and as a result there is a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage discharge. This causes mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following is the main factor of water pollution?

A
Smoke

B
Industrial waste

C
Detergents

D
Ammonia

Solution

Industrial waste is the main cause of water pollution. It is the waste that is produced as a result of industrial processes and is mainly discharged into rivers.
Question 9
1 / -0

Ozone-layer is getting depleted because of

A
Excessive use of automobiles

B
Excessive formation of industrial units

C
Excessive use of man made compounds containing both fluorine and chlorine

D
Excessive deforestation.
Solution
Solution

Correct answer is option C.

Explanation for correct option:
- The ozone layer, also called the stratosphere, is composed of the ozone gas (90% of the total ozone in the atmosphere).
- The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured chemicals, especially manufactured halocarbon refrigerants, solvents, propellants, and foam- blowing agents (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs, halons).
Question 10
1 / -0

An effect of deforestation is

A
Desertification

B
Soil erosion and floods

C
Depletion of wildlife

D
All of the above

Solution

Deforestation is the destruction of forest which causes loss of habitat and other problem like
1. Reduced biodiversity: when forest cover is removed, wildlife is deprived of habitat and becomes more vulnerable to hunting.
2. The release of greenhouse gas emissions: deforestation causes 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Disrupted water cycles: as a result of deforestation, trees no longer evaporate groundwater, which can cause the local climate to be much drier.
4. Increased soil erosion: deforestation accelerates rates of soil erosion, by increasing runoff and reducing the protection of the soil from tree litter.
5. Disrupted livelihoods: millions of people rely directly on forests, through shifting cultivation, hunting and gathering and by harvesting forest products, such as rubber.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Environmental Issues Test - 30

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Environmental Issues Test - 30

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Question 1

The-amount of $$O_2$$ utilised by organisms in water

The amount of $$O_2 $$ utilised by micro organisms for decomposition

The total amount of $$O_2 $$ present in water

All of the above

Solution

Question 2

Small animals like rats will die after drinking river water.

The increased microbial activity release micro nutrients, such as iron.

The increased microbial activity uses up dissolved oxygen.

The river water is still suitable for drinking as impurities are only about 0.1%.

Solution

Question 3

Leaf litter

Fishes

Human waste

Aquatic plants

Solution

Question 4

Industrial wastes poured into water bodies.

Extent to which water is polluted with organic compounds.

Amount of carbon monooxide inseparably combined with haemoglobin.

Amount of oxygen needed by green plants during night.

Solution

Question 5

Biogas contains 55% of nitrogen.

Producer gas contains 33% of carbon monoxide.

CO$$_2$$ is the major constituent in biogas and producer gas.

None of the above.

Solution

Question 6

Algae

Soil

Moss

Waste product

Solution

Question 7

Organic matter

Microbes

Both A and B

None of the above

Solution

Question 8

Smoke

Industrial waste

Detergents

Ammonia

Solution

Question 9

Excessive use of automobiles

Excessive formation of industrial units

Excessive use of man made compounds containing both fluorine and chlorine

Excessive deforestation.

Solution

Question 10

Desertification

Soil erosion and floods

Depletion of wildlife

All of the above

Solution

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