Environmental Issues Test

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Environmental Issues Test - 37

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Question 1
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The ozone layer: Between 15 and 50 km above the earth is a thin layer of gas called 'ozone'. It protects the earth from most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. Too much radiation causes blindness in animals and skin cancer in people. In 1985, scientists discovered a hole in the ozone layer in the Antartica. They have recently discovered a smaller hole over the arctic. The ozone layer is also becoming thinner over other locations of the earth too. Scientists believe that over the last 10 years about 30% of the ozone layer has disappeared. This damage is caused by chemicals. Choose the right statement(s) from the following.

A
The greenhouse effect would be more efficient and the temperature of earth would increase.

B
CFCs would result in the depletion of the ozone layer.

C
Infrared radiation from the sun would bombard earth.

D
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun cannot enter earth.

Solution

The presence of CFCs in the atmosphere results in the depletion of the ozone layer. They are used as coolants in refrigerators, coolers, etc. The CFCs causes the breaking of the ozone molecule which forms the oxygen radical and O$$_2$$. The depletion of the ozone layer results in the penetration of the harmful UV radiations from the sun into the Earth's atmosphere.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 2
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Maximum threat to the world is from

A
Global warming

B
Ozone hole

C
Water pollution

D
Soil erosion

Solution

Maximum threat to the world is from ozone layer which is found in the stratosphere. This layer acts as a shield absorbing UV radiations from the sun. For the ozone layer to be intact there has to be a balance between the production and degradation which has been disturbed by the CFCs used in refrigerators. The F and Cl, which are released by these compounds results in the thinning out of the ozone layer also known as the ozone hole. It causes threat to life and environment as it leads to skin aging and cancers, snow blindness, cataract, melting of polar ice caps, global warming etc.
So, the correct answer is 'Ozone hole'
Question 3
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Which of the following enhances B.O.D. of water ?

A
Sugar mill effluents

B
Algae

C
Sand

D
Moss

Solution

B.O.D. or Biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of dissolved oxygen which is required by the aerobic organisms during the decomposition of organic matter. It is measured at a specific temperature and specific period of time. The wastes from the sugar mill effluents are directly poured into the water bodies which enhances the demand of required oxygen to completely oxidize the organic compounds to carbon dioxide which leads to overall increase in biochemical oxygen demand.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
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World climate is threatened by increase in the concentration of

A
Oxygen

B
Nitrogen

C
Water vapours

D
Carbon dioxide

Solution

Level of carbon dioxide is continuously increasing in the air due to its constant release by burning of fossil fuels in automobiles, industries etc. As a result, the temperature of the earth is on a constant rise. This has led to global warming and the greenhouse effect. The ozone layer is getting depleted causing harmful UV rays to reach the earth and cause serious ill effects. Apart from this, glaciers are constantly melting due to increase in temperature.
So, option D " Carbon dioxide" is the correct answer.
Question 5
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The presence of ozone in the atmosphere of earth

A
Is advantageous since it supplies O$$_2$$ for people travelling in jets

B
Helps in checking the penetration of ultraviolet rays to earth

C
Hinder higher rate of photosynthesis

D
Has been responsible for increasing the average global temperature in recent years

Solution

Ozone gas forms a layer in the atmosphere. this layer of ozone absorbs the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. These rays are then reflected in space and prevented from reaching the earth. Thus, living organisms on earth are protected from the harmful effects of UV rays like skin diseases, cancer, death of aquatic organisms etc by the ozone layer.
So, option B " Helps in checking the penetration of ultraviolet rays to earth" is the correct option.
Question 6
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Measurement of rate of oxygen utilisation by a unit volume of water over a period of time is to measure

A
Biochemical oxygen demand

B
Biosynthetic pathway

C
Biogas generation

D
Fermentation

Solution

Biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of dissolved oxygen required by aerobic organisms to break down organic matter in a given water sample of unit volume at a certain temperature over a specific time period. It gives a measure of the effectiveness of a wastewater plant and also use of water from a drinking water body. Thus the correct answer is option A
Question 7
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The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the _______ is called the weather at that place.

A
temperature

B
humidity, rainfall

C
wind-speed

D
all of the above

Solution

The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed is called the weather at that place.
Question 8
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Ozone is found in the atmosphere and helps to protect us from harmful radiation. Ozone is

A
$$\displaystyle { O }^{ 2- }$$

B
$$\displaystyle { O }^{ - }$$

C
$$\displaystyle \\ { O }_{ 2 }\\ $$

D
$$\displaystyle \\ { O }_{ 3 }\\ $$

Solution

Ozone is an inorganic molecule formed by the three molecules of oxygen with the chemical formula O$$_3$$. It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope O$$_2$$ and more reactive molecule.
Question 9
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Denitrification is caused by

A
Pseudomonas

B
Nitrobacter

C
Nitrosomonas

D
Azotobacter

Solution

Denitrification is the process of degradation of fixed nitrogenous compounds to free nitrogen which is released back to the atmosphere. It is performed by several bacteria like Pseudomonas which utilize nitrate to form nitrite in a process called reduction. Nitrite is further reduced to nitric oxide then to nitrous oxide and then nitrogen gas. This process reduces the fertility and ultimately the agricultural productivity decreases.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
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Plantation of saplings on a large scale is celebrated as:

A
Afforestation day

B
Vanamahotsava

C
Deforestation day

D
Plantation day
Solution
- Van Mahotsav is celebrated for 1 week every year where millions of people plant trees in order to restore the forests and plantations that have been constantly destroyed.
- Every year it is celebrated from 1st to 7th July.
So, option B is the correct answer.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Environmental Issues Test - 37

Result

Environmental Issues Test - 37

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

The greenhouse effect would be more efficient and the temperature of earth would increase.

CFCs would result in the depletion of the ozone layer.

Infrared radiation from the sun would bombard earth.

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun cannot enter earth.

Solution

Question 2

Global warming

Ozone hole

Water pollution

Soil erosion

Solution

Question 3

Sugar mill effluents

Algae

Sand

Moss

Solution

Question 4

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Water vapours

Carbon dioxide

Solution

Question 5

Is advantageous since it supplies O$$_2$$ for people travelling in jets

Helps in checking the penetration of ultraviolet rays to earth

Hinder higher rate of photosynthesis

Has been responsible for increasing the average global temperature in recent years

Solution

Question 6

Biochemical oxygen demand

Biosynthetic pathway

Biogas generation

Fermentation

Solution

Question 7

temperature

humidity, rainfall

wind-speed

all of the above

Solution

Question 8

$$\displaystyle { O }^{ 2- }$$

$$\displaystyle { O }^{ - }$$

$$\displaystyle \\ { O }_{ 2 }\\ $$

$$\displaystyle \\ { O }_{ 3 }\\ $$

Solution

Question 9

Pseudomonas

Nitrobacter

Nitrosomonas

Azotobacter

Solution

Question 10

Afforestation day

Vanamahotsava

Deforestation day

Plantation day

Solution

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