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Environmental Issues Test - 57

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Environmental Issues Test - 57
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Fish die in water bodies polluted by sewage due to
    Solution
     Oxygen enters the water through diffusion and water has the highest potential to hold oxygen. The high temperature, untreated sewage having biotoxins, hazardous waste can reduce the oxygen to an alarming level leading to the hypoxia in fishes, whereafter enduring at the maximum level they die resultantly. This occurs because the untreated sewage is rich in organic matter and microbes utilize the dissolved oxygen for the decomposition called biological oxygen demand (BOD). The more the value of BOD, the lesser will be the oxygen in the water.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Reduction in oxygen'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    UV radiations bring about
    Solution
    Direct exposure of harmful UV rays that penetrates skin can damage the genetic material I.e., DNA in skin cells and if the body is unable to recover the damage the cells start to divide and grow uncontrollably which eventually leads to a tumour or cancer. The damage to the DNA includes the formation of the pyrimidine dimers, point mutations, breaking off bonds etc. As the skin is directly exposed to the UV rays, it is worst affected.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Skin Cancer'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The first reactor mishap occured in
    Solution

    The Kyshtym accident occurred in plutonium production site in Russia on 29 September 1957. It occurred due to uncontrolled heating of the radioactive liquid waste. Windscale fire accident occurred in 1957 in England in the nuclear reactor facility. The graphite reactor lost its coolant and as a result, the adjacent uranium cartridge started heating up. The leakage of the radioactive waves caused a massive fire incident that took almost 16 hours to control.

    A. Windscale accident occurred on 10 October 1957.

    B. The Church Rock Uranium mill accident occurred in 1979.

    C. The Three Mile accident occurred in 1979.

    D. The Kyshtym accident occurred on 29 September 1957

    So, the correct answer is 'Windscale'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Maximum background radiation occurs in
    Solution
    Kerala beaches are subjected to the highest background radiations due to the presence of thorium-rich monazite sand. It is followed by Chennai beaches due to natural radionuclides. 
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Kerala beaches'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The term greenhouse effect was given by
    Solution

    Svante Arrhenius, a Swedish scientist, in 1896 gave the theory related to the effects of the combustion-released carbon dioxide. He depicted the relation between the concentration of the carbon dioxide and the increase in temperature due to it. The greenhouse effect refers to the trapping of the infra-red rays reflected by the earth’s surface by the gases present in the troposphere. It is a natural process and is responsible for maintaining the survivable temperature in earth. However, anthropogenic release of the greenhouse gases has caused the events of global warming. Hence, the correct answer is 'Svante Arrhenius'.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Green house effect is due to
    Solution
    Correct answer: D
    Explanation: 
    • The greenhouse effect is the process by which solar radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases instead of being reflected back into space. 
    • The atmosphere allows the majority of the Sun's visible light to pass through and reach the Earth's surface. 
    • When the Earth's surface is heated by sunlight, a portion of that energy is radiated back into space as infrared radiation. 
    • Unlike visible light, this radiation tends to be absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, raising the temperature. 
    • Infrared radiation is reflected back to the Earth's surface by the heated atmosphere.
    Hence, greenhouse effect is due to Infra-red rays. 

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Strontium- 90 can enter human body parts in place of
    Solution
    Strontium enters the blood, it flows to other parts of the body. It enters and leaves cells easily. In the body, strontium acts very much like calcium. A large portion of the strontium will build up in bones. In adults, strontium mostly attaches to the surfaces of bones. In children, strontium may create the hard bone mineral itself, thus being stored in the bones for many years. Eventually, strontium will dissolve from the bones and return to the blood to be used again to grow bone or to be expelled through urine, waste matter or sweat. The harmful effects of strontium-90 are caused by the high energy effects of radiation. 
    So the correct answer is 'Calcium'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Heat that radiates back from green house gases (green house flux) causes
    Solution
    Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapours trap heat radiating from earth towards space making the earth warmer. The increased amount of these gases block Heat from escaping and they present in the earth's atmosphere for more than their expected period. Scientist attributes the cause of global warming to such semi-permanently existing gases 'forcing' climate change.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Additional global warming'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Sr-90 causes
    Solution
    Strontium-90 is deposited in bones and bone marrow, with the remaining 1% remaining in blood and soft tissues. Its presence in bones can cause bone cancer, cancer of nearby tissues, and leukaemia. Exposure to 90Sr can be tested by a bioassay, most commonly by urinalysis.
    So the correct answer is 'Bone and blood cancers'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    BOD (biological oxygen demand) is
    Solution
    Biological oxygen demand refers to the amount of oxygen required for the complete decomposition of the organic mass present in the water body by the decomposing bacteria. More the amount of the organic mass, higher will be the BOD and more will be the level of pollution in the water body. As more and more oxygen will be consumed, the aquatic animals, especially fishes will die due to hypoxia. Their dead bodies will further enhance the organic mass.  
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms for decaying organic matter per unit volume of water'
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