Environmental Issues Test

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Environmental Issues Test - 75

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Ozone protects biosphere from high energy

A
Infra-red rays

B
Ultraviolet rays

C
X - rays

D
Gamma rays

Solution

The ozone layer is mainly found in the stratosphere. Ozone layer acts as a shield that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun. UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays, and its high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules. UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of the skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers.
Question 2
1 / -0

BOD (biological oxygen demand) is

A
Amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms for decaying organic matter per unit volume of water

B
Amount of CO consumed by microorganisms per unit of sewage water

C
Amount of oxygen required by aquatic plants for survival

D
None of the above

Solution

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period. Biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen required for microbial metabolism of organic compounds in water.
Question 3
1 / -0

Drinking mineral water drink with low levels ($$\sim$$ 0.02 ppm) of pesticide for long period would

A
Cause cancer of intestine.

B
Lead to accumulation of pesticides in the body.

C
Cause leukaemia in most of the people.

D
Produce immunity against mosquito.

Solution

In India, prolonged use of 0.02-13 ppm of DDT (pesticide) can be detected in the body fat of the people. Most toxic pollutants such as pesticides do not degrade easily and therefore accumulate within the body of an organism specially in fat deposited portion. This process is known as biochemical concentration.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
1 / -0

Chlorofluorocarbon releases a chemical harmful to ozone

A
Fluorine

B
Sulphur dioxide

C
Nitrogen peroxide

D
Chlorine

Solution

Ozone gas is a layer which is present in the stratosphere and absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiation. The ozone depletion takes due to the excessive emission of (CFCs). CFC find wide use as refrigerants. CFCs discharged in the lower part of atmosphere move upward and reach stratosphere. In stratosphere, UV rays act on them releasing Cl atoms. Cl degrades ozone releasing molecular oxygen, with these atoms acting merely as catalysts; Cl atoms are not consumed in the reaction. Hence, whatever CFCs are added to the stratosphere, they have permanent and continuing affects on ozone levels. This has resulted in formation of a large area of thinned ozone layer, commonly called as the ozone hole.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Ozone hole enhances

A
UV radiations reaching earth

B
Number of cataracts

C
Skin cancers

D
All of the above

Solution

The ozone layer is mainly found in the stratosphere. Ozone layer acts as a shield that absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Due to ozone depletion by the presence of CFC gas the UV rays reaching the earth and causing harmful effects. UV rays are highly injurious to living organisms since DNA and proteins of living organisms preferentially absorb UV rays and its high energy breaks the chemical bonds within these molecules. UV-B damages DNA and mutation may occur. It causes aging of the skin, damage to skin cells and various types of skin cancers. In the human eye, cornea absorbs UV-B radiation, and a high dose of UV-B causes inflammation of the cornea, called as snow-blindness, cataract, etc. Such exposure may permanently damage the cornea. Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 6
1 / -0

In the recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of floods in the plains of northern India, because

A
There has been an increase in annual rainfall.

B
The rate of silting of dams has gone lip.

C
There has been increased deforestation in the catchment areas.

D
Increased areas of land is being self cultivated.

Solution

Deforestation is the removal of forest that can cause flooding. Coastal vegetation reduces the impact of waves and winds associated with a storm surge. Without this vegetation, coastal villages are susceptible to damaging floods. When trees are there, the roots are able to hold the soil and prevent erosion. When the roots are gone after deforestation, the soil can be errode and causes flood or other natural disasters.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
1 / -0

In the environment, ozone is known for its

A
Harmful effects

B
Useful effects

C
Both A and B

D
Inert nature

Solution

Ozone is an inorganic molecule. It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell. In the environment ozone is known for its both harmful and useful effects.
Ozone present in stratosphere is useful as it act like shield and protect the earth from harmful UV-rays which can cause serious problems like skin cancer and decrease in level of photosynthesis. Ozone present in troposphere act as pollutant and have many deleterious effects.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Question 8
1 / -0

In which one of the following the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of sewage (s), distillery effluent (DE), paper mill effluent (PE) and sugar mill effluent (SE) have been arranged in ascending order?

A
SE < PE < S < DE

B
PE < S < SE < DE

C
S < DE < PE < SE

D
SE < S < PE < DE

Solution

Sewage strength of degree for water pollution is measured in terms of BOD (Biological oxygen demand) value.
BOD may be defined as, number of milligrams of oxygen required for decomposition of one liter of waste or water by decomposing micro-organisms (bacteria). According to central pollution control board, limit of BOD prescribed is 30 ppm (mg/d) for 3 days at 27 degree C.
The BOD of the given pollutants in ascending order is PE < S < SE < DE.
Question 9
1 / -0

CFCs used in refrigerators cause

A
Water pollution

B
Ozone depletion

C
Acid rain

D
Photochemical smog

Solution

The presence of CFCs in the atmosphere results in the depletion of the ozone layer. They are used as coolants in refrigerators, coolers, etc. The CFCs causes the breaking of the ozone molecule which forms the oxygen radical and O$$_2$$. The depletion of the ozone layer results in the penetration of the harmful UV radiations from the sun into the Earth's atmosphere.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 10
1 / -0

When PO$$_4$$ and NO$$_3$$ is more in the water of a lake it causes

A
Growth of bacteria

B
Growth of fishes

C
Death of algae

D
Algal bloom

Solution

Abundance of the nutrients like phosphate, nitrates or compounds containing both in the environment which results in the enrichment of an ecosystem like pond, lake etc results into eutrophication. It causes algal bloom (unlimited growth of algae) and growth of other aquatic plants. In extreme conditions, it causes death of the aquatic flora and fauna due to the depletion of oxygen in the ecosystem.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Environmental Issues Test - 75

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Environmental Issues Test - 75

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Infra-red rays

Ultraviolet rays

X - rays

Gamma rays

Solution

Question 2

Amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms for decaying organic matter per unit volume of water

Amount of CO consumed by microorganisms per unit of sewage water

Amount of oxygen required by aquatic plants for survival

None of the above

Solution

Question 3

Cause cancer of intestine.

Lead to accumulation of pesticides in the body.

Cause leukaemia in most of the people.

Produce immunity against mosquito.

Solution

Question 4

Fluorine

Sulphur dioxide

Nitrogen peroxide

Chlorine

Solution

Question 5

UV radiations reaching earth

Number of cataracts

Skin cancers

All of the above

Solution

Question 6

There has been an increase in annual rainfall.

The rate of silting of dams has gone lip.

There has been increased deforestation in the catchment areas.

Increased areas of land is being self cultivated.

Solution

Question 7

Harmful effects

Useful effects

Both A and B

Inert nature

Solution

Question 8

SE < PE < S < DE

PE < S < SE < DE

S < DE < PE < SE

SE < S < PE < DE

Solution

Question 9

Water pollution

Ozone depletion

Acid rain

Photochemical smog

Solution

Question 10

Growth of bacteria

Growth of fishes

Death of algae

Algal bloom

Solution

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