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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 41

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 41
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    An example of the quantitative trait in man is
    Solution
    A measurable trait that shows continuous variation; a trait that can not be classified into a few discrete classes is called as quantitative trait.
    Examples of quantitative traits include height, skin colour, weight and blood pressure. There is no single gene for any of these traits, instead it is generally believed that continuous variation in a trait such as blood pressure is partly due to DNA sequence variations at multiple genes.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The reason why some mutations which are harmful and yet do not get eliminated from gene pool is that
    Solution
    The harmful dominant mutations are expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions and are eliminated by gene pool. Harmful mutations, that are not get eliminated from gene pool, are recessive and carried by heterozygous individuals. The carrier individual is not affected by presence of recessive mutation as they are not expressed in heterozygous conditions.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is a wrong statement regarding mutations?
    Solution
    A frameshift mutation is insertion or deletion of nucleotides, the number of altered bases are not in multiples of three. Cancer cells are characterised by the presence of abnormal chromosomes numbers (aneuploidy) and structural chromosomal rearrangements. UV, X-rays or γ\gamma-rays introduce genetic mutation by breaking chromosomes or altering the DNA base and are called mutagens. This mutation in DNA are inherited to the progeny. Mutation in single nucleotide base of a DNA segment is called as a point mutation. It can introduce a premature stop codon, or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA (nonsense mutation) or changes a codon specifying a different amino acid (missense mutation). 
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A mutation that affects more than one type of phenotype is known as 
    Solution
    A mutation that affect more than one characters simultaneously is known as pleiotropic mutation. When mutation in single gene alter the trait, it is called monogenic mutation and the related disorder is monogenic disorder. Polygenic mutation includes mutation in alleles of different genes that govern a common character. Hence, correct option is A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Who postulated the 'Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance'?
    Solution
    William Sutton and Theodor Boveri proposed the chromosome theory of inheritance, the idea that genes are part of chromosomes. It was postulated independently in 1902 that genetic information is carried by chromosomes.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In plants, sex determination is due to
    Solution
    Plants follow XY mechanism of sex determination in which presence or absence of Y chromosome determines the sex of the plant. Irrespective of the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to set of autosomes, presence of Y chromosome determines the male sex of the plant. Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called autosomes and are represented by “A”. As is evident from the independence of sex of plant to X/A ratio, A-chromosomes are not sex determinant. B chromosomes are the supernumerary chromosomes which are dispensable and do not play any role in sex determination. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Barr body is associated with
    Solution
    • The inactive X chromosome in the somatic cell of a female is referred to as the Barr body. Its number is always one less than the total number of X chromosomes in the cell. 
    • It is related to dosage compensation which is accomplished by the inactivation of one of the X chromosomes in females. 
    • This is done so that both males and females have only one functional X chromosome per cell because human males have only one X chromosome, whereas females have two and hence, twice the genes present on the X chromosome.
    • Thus, option A is correct here.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following condition is called as monosomic?
    Solution
    Presence of one extra chromosome than the normal chromosome number in a diploid species is known as trisomy (2n+1). Presence of one chromosome in four copies is known as tetrasomy (2n+2). Presence of one extra chromosome than the normal chromosome number in a haploid species is known as disomy (n+1). Monosomy is a aneuploid condition where one homologous chromosome is missing (2n-1). 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In which of these the sex chromosome have discovered for the first time?
    Solution
    The sex chromosome have discovered for the first time in Melandrium which have XX-XY mechanism of sex determination, where male plant is heterogametic and carries “XY” sex chromosome while female plant carries two copies of X-chromosomes (XX) as sex chromosomes. Irrespective of ratio of number of X–chromosomes to set of autosomes, presence of Y-chromosome determines male sex of the plant. Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called as autosomes and are represented by “A”. As is evident from independence of sex of plant to X/A ratio, A-chromosomes are not sex determinant in this plant. Thus, correct answer is A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Test cross cannot be performed in
    Solution
    Correct Answer: A
    Explanation:

    • A test cross is performed to determine the genotype of the dominant individual if it is heterozygous or homozygous.
    • Neurospora is a haploid fungus wherein the recessive allele can express itself and no need to perform a test cross to determine the presence of recessive alleles
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