Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 54

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Question 1
1 / -0

Mendelian inheritance was supported by the

A
Artificial selection

B
Chromosomal theory of inheritance

C
Theory of linkage

D
Both B and C

Solution

Mendel's work remains unrecognised till many time because of various reasons but in 1902 Sutton and Boveri gave the chromosomal theory of inheritance which was further expanded by Morgan and Bridges that probed that both sperm and ovum contributed equally in heredity to form offspring and nucleus contains chromosome.
Therefore chromosomes carry the hereditary characters.
This theory also proved Mendel's laws.
So, the correct option is 'Chromosomal theory of inheritance'
Question 2
1 / -0

The factor that enriches the gene pool with new modified genes is

A
Mutation

B
Somatic variation

C
Decrease in chromosomes

D
Increase in cytoplasm

Solution

Mutation is a sudden heritable change. It is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence. It causes a change in the gene pool which leads to genetic variation. It may cause due to chromosomal abbreviation during replication or under the influence of chemical radiation. The agents which cause mutations are known as mutagens.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 3
1 / -0

Moist vapour theory was given by

A
Aristotle

B
Pythagoras

C
Delepatius

D
Darwin
Solution
- Moist vapour theory was proposed by a Greek philosopher Pythagoras.
- According to this theory a certain moist vapour is transmitted from the male to the female during the fertilization and it develops into an embryo.
- Hence the correct option is B.
Question 4
1 / -0

A couple, both carriers for the gene sickle cell anaemia planning to get married, wants to know the chances of having anaemic progeny?

A
$100\%$

B
$75\%$

C
$50\%$

D
$25\%$

Solution

Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive trait. Since the father and mother both are carriers, only 1 out of the 4 children is affected. Thus the probability of having an anemic progeny is 25%. Thus the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
1 / -0

Select the correct sequence of the $F_1$ generation.

A

B

C

D

Solution

From the given image, father will produce two gametes, X $^h$ and Y and mother will produce two gametes, X $^H$ X $^H$ . When X $^h$ gamete from father unites with X $^H$ gamete from mother, it will produce X $^H$ X $^h$ progeny in F $_1$ generation. Similarly, Y gamete from father unites with X $^H$ gamete from mother to form X $^H$ Y progeny in F $_1$ generation.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

Who proposed chromosomal theory of inheritance?

A
Boveri and Sutton

B
Bateson and Punnet

C
Morgan

D
Avery
Solution
Correct option: A

Explanation:
- Boveri and Sutton proposed the chromosomal theory of inheritance in the 1900s.
- According to the theory of inheritance, the chromosome has the gene which transfers heredity from one generation to another generation i.e. from parent to offspring.
Hence, ‘Boveri and Sutton’ is the correct answer.
Question 7
1 / -0

Chromomeres were discovered by

A
Strasburger

B
Van Beneden

C
Pfitzner

D
Winiwater
Solution
- Chromomeres are bead-like or granular structures present on the eukaryotic chromosome which are formed by the coiling of a continuous DNA thread.
- In areas which are devoid of chromatin the transcription and condensing of DNA and protein complexes form the chromomeres.
- It is visible under the microscope during the prophase stage of meiosis and mitosis.
- They are also known as Idiomere.
- Chromomeres were discovered and described by Balbiani in 1876 and by Pfitzner in 1882.
- So, the correct answer is 'Pfitzner'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Human skin colour is an example of

A
Intragenic interaction

B
Interallelic interaction

C
Quantitative inheritance

D
Pleiotropy

Solution

Inheritance of human skin colour is an example of polygenic inheritance. This character is determined by two or more pairs of genes and they have an additive effect. These genes are known as cumulative genes.
Here, more number of dominant alleles results in more expression of that character. Assume that three "dominant" capital letter genes (A, B and C) control dark pigmentation because more melanin is produced. The "recessive" alleles of these three genes (a, b & c) control light pigmentation because lower amounts of melanin are produced. Each "dominant" capital gene produces one unit of colour so that a wide range of intermediate skin colours are produced, depending on the number of "dominant" capital genes in the genotype.
So, the correct option is 'Quantitative inheritance'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Mutation in a single gene can lead to changes in multiple traits. This is an example of.

A
Heterotrophy

B
Co-dominance

C
Penetrance

D
Pleiotropy
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following is an example of intergenic gene interaction?

A
Multiple alleles

B
Co-dominance

C
Incomplete dominance

D
Polygenes
Solution
- Multiple alleles, codominance, and incomplete dominance are examples of allelic interactions of the same gene.
- A polygenic trait is the one that is governed by more than one gene where dominant alleles of each gene express only a part of trait and the full trait is expressed only in presence of dominant alleles of all multiple genes.
So, the correct answer is D.