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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 89

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 89
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Skin colour is controlled by
    Solution
    Human skin colour is a polygenic trait  governed by three pairs of genes (Aa, Bb and Cc) where dominant allele of each gene express only a part of trait and the full trait is expressed only in presence of dominant alleles of all multiple genes, is called polygenic inheritance. These genes control skin pigmentation only, no other phenotypic trait is affected by these genes. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Human skin colour is an example of
    Solution
    Quantitative inheritance is the inheritance of a character (known as a quantitative character or quantitative trait) that depends upon the cumulative action of many genes, each of which produces a small effect. Examples of such quantitative characters include clutch size in birds, milk production in cattle, weight and skin pigmentation in humans, spore production in ferns, height of trees, and nectar production in buttercups.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The given pedigree chart indicate

    Solution
    • In given pedigree, unaffected parents have affected offspring which means that either one or both parents are a carrier.
    • It also shows recessive nature of the trait; if the trait was dominant it would have been expressed by heterozygous individuals as well. But heterozygous parents are serving as carrier only.
    • In offspring, both sons and daughters are not equally; sons are affected. This means disease is not autosomal; if it was autosomal, both sons and daughters of carrier parents would be equally affected.
    • The affected son of first offspring generation and normal female have all normal children.
    • This means the trait is X linked recessive trait and affected father has passed the affected X chromosome to daughter. 
    • The daughter is carrier only because mother is normal. Likewise, normal females of first offspring generation and normal males have affected son showing that mother normal female is serving as a carrier. Trait is X-linked recessive. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    According to theory put forth to explain the mechanism of organic evolution, when structure of a gene under goes a change, the trait it represents also changes.  This results in a heritable variation in population, and may lead to the formation of new species from pre existing species.
    Change in gene structure is termed as
    Solution
    This theory was stated by Hugo de Vries and is called the theory of mutation. The change in the gene structure is termed as mutation.
    Variation is changes in the alleles of genes in a gene pool.
    Genetic drift is the change in the frequency of  a gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
    Gene knockout is a genetic technique in which on of an organism's genes is made inoperative.
    Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which among the following cane be considered as a carrier of trait?

    Solution
    II 2 is offspring of carrier father and affected mother; it will serve as carrier and exhibit normal phenotype since offspring of carrier father and affected mother for autosomal recessive trait can be either affected or carrier. II 4 is also progeny of carrier father and affected mother; it will serve as carrier and exhibit normal phenotype. Like wise, III 2 is progeny of carrier father and affected mother; it will serve as carrier and exhibit normal phenotype. However, III 3 is progeny of two carrier parents and can be either carrier or non carrier. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the following condition occurs in the person with genotype XO?
    Solution
    The combination of XX and XY sex chromosomes determines the sex in the humans. XX represents female and XY represents male. The person with the genotype XO is suffering from Turner's syndrome. This may be due to non-disjunction of chromosomes during the gamete formation. Here, due to the presence of only one X chromosome, the person is a female but lack sexual characteristics and is sterile.
    Thus, the correct answer is 'Will be phenotypically female but sterile'.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    An experiment was performed to test the ability of one wild type and four mutant strains of E.coli  bacteria to grow in either minimal media or media that was supplemented with various amino acids.

    Supplement                None              Arginine
    Wild-type                    ++             ++
    Strain 1                      -              ++
    Strain 2                      -              -
    Strain 3                      -              -
    Strain 4                      ++             ++

    Supplement                Threonine              Histidine
    Wild-type                    ++             ++
    Strain 1                      -              -
    Strain 2                      ++              -
    Strain 3                      -              ++
    Strain 4                      ++             ++
    A (+)\left(+\right) sign indicates growth and a ()\left(-\right) sign indicates no growth.
    Strain 1 cannot grow without arginine due top mutation in: 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following statements is correct regarding mutations?
    Solution
    Mutations are the random changes in genetic material of organisms leading to genetic diversity. Mutations can occur in both somatic and germ cells; however, those occurring in germs cells are passed to the offspring while those in somatic cells remain confine to the individual only. Not all the mutations are fatal; and those imparting survival and reproductive advantage to individuals are favored by natural selection. Most of the mutations are recessive and are accumulated in gene pool. As mutations are random, it is least possible for two individuals to have same mutation. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Read the passage and answer the following question.

    A naturalist studies a species of private that inhabits the rain forest. The females live together in large social groups and compete for position in the social hierarchy, with seniority and food gathering ability as two of the determining factors for the leadership position. Males live within the group until they reach sexual maturity, at which time they leave the group and live on their own, mostly in isolation. Mature males only interact with the females during periods of mating which occur once a year. During mating season males compete for mating opportunities with aggressive displays and battles between males that occasionally lead to significant and even fatal injury. Males are commonly observed during mating season interacting with social groups other than those of their birth. Females give birth an average of five times during their lives, with two children that reach maturity. In addition to studying the behavior of the species, the naturalist identifies the following pedigree:
    Black shading indicates that death occurred as a result of aggressive behavior initiated by the individual who died. Gray shading indicates death as a result of disease or as a result of aggressive behavior by another individual.

    Which of the following resulting females of this species are often observed feeding and caring for the offspring of other females?

  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    With reference to the pedigree, the most likely genotype of individual III-5 is

    Solution
    Offspring of the cross I have affected sons and daughters both. The affected female of generation I has passed the trait to daughters also. This means the trait is autosomal; if it was a sex inked trait, affected daughters can be obtained from affected father and affected mother. Here, the father is normal, hence the trait is autosomal. Cross between II 5 and II 6 obtains affected female which makes that trait is recessive and both parents are the carrier. If the trait was dominant, it would have been expressed in heterozygous conditions also. But here, heterozygous parents II 5 and II 6 are serving as the carrier. III 5 has obtained two copies of the recessive allele from each of parent and is homozygous recessive. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
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