Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 94

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Which characteristic of pea plants was not important in their selection as Mendels research organism?

A
most other scientists of the time were also using peas, so a lot was known about them

B
peas are easy to cultivate, and have a short generation time

C
pea plants are self-pollinating but can be cross-fertilized easily

D
many true-breeding varieties were available
Solution
Mendel selected garden pea plant (Pisum sativum) as his experimental material because it has the following advantages:
The plants were able to self fertilize. However, cross-pollination could be done easily in a controlled manner.
They had easily observable traits such as plant height, flower color etc.
Since the plants were mostly self-fertilizing (the same plant possessing both male and female gametes) true breeding varieties that continued to produce the same offsprings up to several generations could easily be generated from them.
Peas are easy to cultivate and have a short generation time.
So, the correct option is 'most other scientists of the time were also using peas, so a lot was known about them'.
Question 2
1 / -0

The following two pedigree describe the autosomal genetic disorders P and Q in Family $1$ and Family $2$ , respectively.
Choose the correct statement from the following options.

A
Both P and Q are dominant traits.

B
P is a dominant trait and Q is a recessive trait.

C
Both P and Q are recessive traits.

D
P is a recessive trait and Q is a dominant trait.

Solution

In the pedigree of family 1, the P disorder is an autosomal dominant trait. The female is having the defective gene whereas the male is having the normal gene in generation I. The defective gene is transferred from mother to the I-1, I-4, I-6 children and these children are affected. Whereas normal gene is transferred from mother to rest of the children. Since II-2 and II-3 both are unaffected, their all children are normal.
In the pedigree of family 2, the Q disorder is an autosomal recessive trait. In generation I, the female is having two copies of defective genes whereas as male is having only one copy of the defective gene. Hence, the male is a carrier of the disorder. The defective gene is transferred from mother to all her children in II generation. Whereas only II-6 daughter received defective gene from the father. All the other children are the carrier of the disorder. Normal gene is transferred from II-2 and II-3. Hence, all their children are normal.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 3
1 / -0

Two pedigrees (P and Q) are given, Individual- $1$ in $F_0$ generation of pedigree Q is not a carrier of the trait. Circles in the pedigree represent females and squares represent males. Filled shapes indicate affected individuals while unfilled shapes indicate unaffected individuals.
Assuming Mendelian inheritance and complete penetrance of the traits, choose the correct statement(s) from the following.

A
Both pedigrees P and Q represent autosomal recessive traits

B
Both pedigrees P and Q represent autosomal dominant traits

C
Pedigree P represents an autosomal recessive trait and Q represents an autosomal dominant trait

D
Pedigree P represents an X-linked recessive trait and Q represents an autosomal recessive trait

Solution

From the given pedigree charts, following observations can be made:
For pedigree P:
1. Affected offspring are borne to unaffected parents.
2. The trait is skipping generations i.e., not present in every generation.
3. The trait is occurring in male and female individuals with an equal frequency.
This shows that pedigree P represents Autosomal recessive trait.
For pedigree Q:
1. Affected offspring are borne to affected parents.
2. Unaffected parents are not transmitting the trait to offspring.
3. When one of the parents is affected, approximately half of the offspring are affected.
4. The trait is occurring in male and female individuals with an equal frequency.
This shows that pedigree Q represents Autosomal dominant trait.
So, the correct answer is C.
Question 4
1 / -0

The concept of an inborn error of metabolism was the first recognition of the relationship between gene activity and metabolic disease, made by

A
Beadle and Tatum with parasitic molds

B
Pauling and Itano with sickle-cell anaemia

C
Archibold Garrod from general family inheritance patterns

D
Watson and Crick, as a natural outcome of their model of DNA

Solution

Archibold Garrod was studying the human disorder alkaptonuria. He collected family history information (as well as urine) from his patients. Based on discussions with Mendel advocate William Bateson, Garrod deduced that alkaptonuria is a recessive disorder. Garrod was also the first to propose the idea that diseases were "inborn errors of metabolism." He believed that diseases were the result of missing or false steps in the body's chemical pathways. Garrod attributed a biochemical role to genes and laid the groundwork for the next wave of discovery — the molecular basis of inheritance.
So, the correct option is 'Archibold Garrod from general family inheritance patterns'.
Question 5
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A pedigree chart of a family with an autosomal recessive disease Z is given. Assume that inheritance is Mendelian, and that all individuals with homozygous recessive genotype have the disease. Circles in the pedigree represent females and squares represent males. Filled shapes indicate affected individuals, while unfilled shapes indicate unaffected individuals. If J does not have the recessive allele, the probability that I is a 'carrier of disease Z' is?

A
$0.67$

B
$0.5$

C
$0.25$

D
$0$

Solution

From the given pedigree, it is seen that generation II - 3 is having the disease. It indicates that both the parents are heterozygous (Zz) for the given disease. In the second generation, 'I' does not have a disease. It indicates that she is either having homozygous dominant alleles (ZZ) or having heterozygous alleles (Zz). For genotype ZZ, she would have received Z allele from each parents. For genotype Zz, she would have received Z allele from either of the parent and z allele from the other parent. Hence, there are three possibilities of receiving alleles from the parents. Hence, there is 0.67 probability that 'I' is a carrier of disease Z and there is 0.33 probability that 'I' is having normal alleles.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

The inheritance pattern of a gene over generations among humans is studied by the pedigree analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to

A
Quantitative trait

B
Mendelian trait

C
Polygenic trait

D
Maternal trait

Solution

Pedigree analysis is study of pedigree for the transmission of particular trait and finding the possibility of absence or presence of that trait in homozygous or heterozygous state in a particular individual. It indicates that Mendel's principles are also applicable to human genetics with some modifications like quantitative inheritance, sex linked characters and other linkages.
So, the correct answer is 'Mendelian trait'.
Question 7
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Experimental evidences of chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by

A
HT Morgan

B
TH Morgan

C
H de Vries

D
DH Vries

Solution

Experimental evidences of chromosomal theory of inheritance is given by TH Morgan .
Correct option is (B) TH Morgan.
TH Morgan done this experiment by using Drosophila melanogaster. They are like human , female individual have two X chromosome and male have XY chromosome.
Question 8
1 / -0

Study the following pedigree. The transmission of the trait indicates

A
autosomal dominance

B
maternal imprinting

C
paternal imprinting

D
mitochondria! inheritance.

Solution

Pedigrees are used to analyze the pattern of inheritance of a particular trait throughout a family. Pedigrees show the presence or absence of a trait as it relates to the relationship among parents, offspring, and siblings. If the trait is dominant, one of the parents must have the trait. Dominant traits will not skip a generation. In autosomal traits, both males and females are equally likely to be affected (usually in equal proportions). Autosomal dominant is one of many ways that a trait or disorder can be passed down through families. In an autosomal dominant disease, if you get the abnormal gene from only one parent, you can get the disease. Often, one of the parents may also have the disease.
So the correct option is 'autosomal dominance'.
Question 9
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Chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by

A
Morgan et al

B
Sutton and Boveri

C
Hugo de Vries

D
Gregor J. Mendel

Solution

Chromosomal theory of Inheritance believes that chromosomes are vehicles of hereditary information which possess Mendelian factors or genes and it is the chromosomes which segregate and assort independently during transmission from one generation to the next. Chromosomal theory of inheritance was proposed by Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri independently in 1902. But it was later modified and expanded by Morgan, Sturtevant and Bridges.
So, the correct answer is 'Sutton and Boveri'.
Question 10
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Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.
Column I Column II
A. Multiple alleles (i) Phenylketonuria in Humans
B. Polygenes (Multiple genes) (ii) Blood groups in humans
C. Pleiotropic (iii) Skin color in humans

A
A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii)

B
A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i)

C
A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i)

D
A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii)

Solution

Pleiotropy occurs when one gene will code and control the phenotype or expression of several different and unrelated traits. For example, phenylketonuria is an inherited disorder that affects the level of phenylalanine in the human body. and is caused by pleiotropy. Multiple alleles are three or more alternative forms of a gene (alleles) that can occupy the same locus.For example, the ABO system of blood groups is controlled by three alleles, only two of which are present in an individual. Polygenic inheritance refers to the kind of inheritance in which the trait is produced from the cumulative effects of many genes in contrast to monogenic inheritance wherein the trait results from the expression of one gene (or one gene pair). Human skin color is a good example of polygenic (multiple gene) inheritance. .
So, the correct option is 'A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i)'.

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	Column I		Column II
A.	Multiple alleles	(i)	Phenylketonuria in Humans
B.	Polygenes (Multiple genes)	(ii)	Blood groups in humans
C.	Pleiotropic	(iii)	Skin color in humans

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 94

Result

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 94

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

most other scientists of the time were also using peas, so a lot was known about them

peas are easy to cultivate, and have a short generation time

pea plants are self-pollinating but can be cross-fertilized easily

many true-breeding varieties were available

Solution

Question 2

Both P and Q are dominant traits.

P is a dominant trait and Q is a recessive trait.

Both P and Q are recessive traits.

P is a recessive trait and Q is a dominant trait.

Solution

Question 3

Both pedigrees P and Q represent autosomal recessive traits

Both pedigrees P and Q represent autosomal dominant traits

Pedigree P represents an autosomal recessive trait and Q represents an autosomal dominant trait

Pedigree P represents an X-linked recessive trait and Q represents an autosomal recessive trait

Solution

Question 4

Beadle and Tatum with parasitic molds

Pauling and Itano with sickle-cell anaemia

Archibold Garrod from general family inheritance patterns

Watson and Crick, as a natural outcome of their model of DNA

Solution

Question 5

0.670.670.67

0.50.50.5

0.250.250.25

000

Solution

Question 6

Quantitative trait

Mendelian trait

Polygenic trait

Maternal trait

Solution

Question 7

HT Morgan

TH Morgan

H de Vries

DH Vries

Solution

Question 8

autosomal dominance

maternal imprinting

paternal imprinting

mitochondria! inheritance.

Solution

Question 9

Morgan et al

Sutton and Boveri

Hugo de Vries

Gregor J. Mendel

Solution

Question 10

A-(ii), B-(i), C-(iii)

A-(ii), B-(iii), C-(i)

A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(i)

A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii)

Solution

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$0.67$

$0.5$

$0.25$

$0$