Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test - 80

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Question 1
1 / -0

A colony of honey bees affected by CCD (note the small number of adult workers relative to a large amount of unhatched brood that forms the waxy cells in the hive frame. Frames 1 and 3 are most greatly affected).
In 2007, a significant proportion of American beekeepers complained of unusually large losses of bee populations from their overwintering levels in late 2006. Loss of some colonies (approximately 10%) in early spring is normal and occurs every year. The problem was also reported by beekeepers in Europe, and researchers do not understand the specific causes of these losses.
At present, the syndrome is mysterious given that the main symptom is simply a low number of adult bees in the hive. There are no dead bodies and despite the fact that the affected colonies do co-exist with many disease organisms, no external signs of disease, pests or parasites seem to exist.
Honey bee queens mate on the wing with 10-30 drones (both wild and domesticated varieties) and, as a result of genetic recombination, the broods produced have high genetic variability. Honey bee colonies, including workers, drones and the queen typically comprise a large number of related animals that live at high densities. Diseases of many kinds, including perhaps the cause(s) of CCD, are a constant threat to colony welfare.
Which of the following factors does not plausibly increase the risk of colonies to disease?

A
Certain workers are tasked to seek out diseased colony members and remove them far from the colony entrance.

B
Members of the colony routinely exchange food by mouth permitting a route for pathogens to transfer from one to another bee.

C
Some scientists speculate that Varroa, an insect parasite, has reduced wild (feral) bee populations to a greater degree than domesticated bees. As a result, commercial bees are more likely to mate with close relatives than in the past.

D
Imports of honey bees from around the world may mean that commercial honey bee is not well adapted to the local current pathogens and conditions (i.e. the United States).

Solution

Option A speaks about the workers who are to find out the diseased colony members and remove them from the colony entrance. While option B, C & D all speak about factors that may increase the risk of bee colonies being diseased.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 2
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A typical hive contains approximately 20,000 bees classified as either the female queen (n=1), male drones (n=20), and workers (the balance of the hives population). The queen's primary function is to mate with drones and lay the eggs that give rise to the following generation, whereas the worker bees fulfill all day-to-day functions of the hive, including foraging, guarding the nest, tending to the drones and to the queen in addition to constructing the hive.
The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, is capable of producing an inhibitory signal, the stop signal, which can be triggered by encounters with dangerous conditions or organisms. This stop signal reduces recruitment of other foragers to a dangerous location. For example, A . mellifera foragers produce stop signals to inhibit waggle dancing for dangerous food sources.
A stop signal is a 300 - 400 Hz vibrational signal with a duration of approximately 150 mts that a worker usually delivers while butting its head into the body of the receiver, causing the receiver to momentarily freeze. Attacks by wasps and spiders (among other predators) elicit stop signals, which inhibit waggle dancing. However, stop signals are also used in other inhibitory contexts that are not associated with danger.
Each of the following activities plausibly stimulate foraging inhibition and contribute to the overall success of the colony except

A
House-hunting bees speed up nest site decision-making with stop signals that inhibit recruitment for competing nest sites.

B
Foraging bees use stop signals to communicate conditions of food source overcrowding at a particular foraging site.

C
Guard bees use stop signals to communicate when the nest is under attack. This signal seeks to keep vulnerable bees in the safety of the nest during the period of attack.

D
The queen secretes pheromones that inhibit reproduction among all bees other than selected drones.

Solution

'An' as house chasing honey bees additionally called as working drones as per the section essential capacity is to watch the home, which incorporates creating inhibitory flags or stop signals while experiencing hazardous conditions or life forms or assaults by different predators.
So, the correct option is 'House-hunting bees speed up nest site decision-making with stop signals that inhibit recruitment for competing nest sites.'
Question 3
1 / -0

Giriraja is a

A
Cross breed of desi breed of poultry and white leghorn

B
Hybrid of aseel and bursa breeds of poultry

C
Desi breed

D
Cross breed of Plymouth Rock and desi breed of poultry

Solution

Giriraja is a breed of chicken developed by Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fishery Sciences University in Bangalore, India.
It is a cross breed of desi breed of poultry and white leghorn. They are reared for their eggs and meat. They have a high egg production potential along with better growth compared to local varieties.
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).
Question 4
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Single cell protein produced from one of the following microbes is rich in methionine

A
Spirulina maxima

B
Methylophillus methylotrophus

C
Dunaliella salina

D
Scenedesmus acutus

Solution

Single-cell protein is a protein obtained from pure or mixed cultures of algae, bacteria etc. that have 30-70% of protein content in their dry mass. Methylophilyus methylotrophus is a bacterial species that produce single-cell protein. This microbe is rich in amino acids like methionine. It is used as a food supplement by humans as well as animals.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
1 / -0

A colony of honey bees affected by CCD (note the small number of adult workers relative to a large amount of unhatched brood that forms the waxy cells in the hive frame. Frames 1 and 3 are most greatly affected).
In 2007, a significant proportion of American beekeepers complained of unusually large losses of bee populations from their overwintering levels in late 2006. Loss of some colonies (approximately 10%) in early spring is normal and occurs every year. The problem was also reported by beekeepers in Europe, and researchers do not understand the specific causes of these losses.
At present, the syndrome is mysterious given that the main symptom is simply a low number of adult bees in the hive. There are no dead bodies, and despite the fact that the affected colonies do co-exist with many disease organisms, no external signs of disease, pests or parasites seem to exist.
Which of the following claims and evidence most plausibly explain the cause of CCD?

A
A study of gene expression among both honeybees and their common pathogens has been conducted in several geographic sites. All results indicate that immunity genes are not being expressed significantly different between CCD and non-CCD colonies.

B
Parasitic mites chronically infect nearly every colony each spring and cause dysentery in nearly all honeybees leading only to mild dehydration.

C
Honeybees that cannot properly maintain the temperature of their brood nest at 34.5 C (+/- 0.5 C) result in adult bees that develop deficiencies in learning and memory, although they are capable of flying and performing other vital physical tasks.

D
Some genetically modified plants contain genes that express insect-protease inhibitors that prevent herbivore digestion of plant tissues. The state of Illinois has large numbers of such GMO crops but has yet to report any CCD-like problems.

Solution

A- CCD is considered to be responsible due to multiple factors. There are several studies conducted to study the cause of CCD. Pathogens are disease causing organisms and it is seen that they are present in increased amounts in hives that are affected by CCD. Gene expression between the honeybees and the pathogens reveals that the immunity genes fail to express differently in CCD affected & non-CCD affected colonies.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following nutrients are added to improve fish culture?

A
NO $_{3}^{-}$ and SO $_{4}^{2-}$

B
PO $_{4}^{3-}$ and NO $_{3}^{-}$

C
SO $_{4}^{2-}$ and I $_2$

D
Both A and B

Solution

Fish culture is the artificial propagation and breeding of fish. Worldwide, the most important fish species used in fish farming are carp, salmon and catfish. Fish culture is improved by super phosphates, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Wax glands in honey bees are present on these segments.

A
2, 3 and 4 abdominal segments of queens

B
2, 3, 4 and 5 abdominal segments of workers

C
1, 2 and 3 abdominal segments of workers

D
1, 2, 3 and 4 abdominal segments of queens

Solution

Beeswax (Cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus Apis. The wax is formed by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal segments 2, 3, 4 and 5 of worker bees.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which one of the following is a step in processing of Kipps and Buffs?

A
Deliming

B
Casting

C
Digesting

D
Reeling
Solution
Kipps and Buffs is a technique of leather processing. Buffing is the abrasion of the surfaces of the leather to reduce the nap or grain defects. The deliming technique is an operation in leather processing which is a drum/paddle or pit based operation where two main objectives are met as-
- Removal of alkali from the pelt and the consequent de-swelling of the fibers.
- Lowering of the liquor pH to the values used in the bating process.
Thus, the correct answer is the option (A).
Question 9
1 / -0

Orange super bananas is a common food produced by biofortification are common in areas where

A
Banana is a staple food

B
Vitamin A deficiency prevails

C
Vitamin D deficiency prevails

D
Both A and B

Solution

Biofortification is the method in which the food is added or supplemented with the required nutrients. The bananas are generally consumed by all the people. The regions where banana are used as staple food, the banana can be fortified with essential nutrients like beta-carotene production which is the precursor of vitamin A. Due to the presence of carotene, the colour of the banana is orange, and so called as the orange super bananas. The consumption of this banana can help to prevent the deficiency disorders due to less intake of vitamin A.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

Peacomb is one of the important breed character of

A
Plymouth rock

B
Brahma

C
Leghorn

D
Aseel

Solution

Brahma is a meat breed of chicken. They are tall with heavy head. They occur in light, dark and buff color. They lay brown color eggs. The most distinctive characters of Brahma are wide head and pea comb.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test - 80

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test - 80

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Certain workers are tasked to seek out diseased colony members and remove them far from the colony entrance.

Members of the colony routinely exchange food by mouth permitting a route for pathogens to transfer from one to another bee.

Some scientists speculate that Varroa, an insect parasite, has reduced wild (feral) bee populations to a greater degree than domesticated bees. As a result, commercial bees are more likely to mate with close relatives than in the past.

Imports of honey bees from around the world may mean that commercial honey bee is not well adapted to the local current pathogens and conditions (i.e. the United States).

Solution

Question 2

House-hunting bees speed up nest site decision-making with stop signals that inhibit recruitment for competing nest sites.

Foraging bees use stop signals to communicate conditions of food source overcrowding at a particular foraging site.

Guard bees use stop signals to communicate when the nest is under attack. This signal seeks to keep vulnerable bees in the safety of the nest during the period of attack.

The queen secretes pheromones that inhibit reproduction among all bees other than selected drones.

Solution

Question 3

Cross breed of desi breed of poultry and white leghorn

Hybrid of aseel and bursa breeds of poultry

Desi breed

Cross breed of Plymouth Rock and desi breed of poultry

Solution

Question 4

Spirulina maxima

Methylophillus methylotrophus

Dunaliella salina

Scenedesmus acutus

Solution

Question 5

A study of gene expression among both honeybees and their common pathogens has been conducted in several geographic sites. All results indicate that immunity genes are not being expressed significantly different between CCD and non-CCD colonies.

Parasitic mites chronically infect nearly every colony each spring and cause dysentery in nearly all honeybees leading only to mild dehydration.

Honeybees that cannot properly maintain the temperature of their brood nest at 34.5 C (+/- 0.5 C) result in adult bees that develop deficiencies in learning and memory, although they are capable of flying and performing other vital physical tasks.

Some genetically modified plants contain genes that express insect-protease inhibitors that prevent herbivore digestion of plant tissues. The state of Illinois has large numbers of such GMO crops but has yet to report any CCD-like problems.

Solution

Question 6

NO3−_{3}^{-}3−​ and SO42−_{4}^{2-}42−​

PO43−_{4}^{3-}43−​ and NO3−_{3}^{-}3−​

SO42−_{4}^{2-}42−​ and I2_22​

Both A and B

Solution

Question 7

2, 3 and 4 abdominal segments of queens

2, 3, 4 and 5 abdominal segments of workers

1, 2 and 3 abdominal segments of workers

1, 2, 3 and 4 abdominal segments of queens

Solution

Question 8

Deliming

Casting

Digesting

Reeling

Solution

Question 9

Banana is a staple food

Vitamin A deficiency prevails

Vitamin D deficiency prevails

Both A and B

Solution

Question 10

Plymouth rock

Brahma

Leghorn

Aseel

Solution

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NO $_{3}^{-}$ and SO $_{4}^{2-}$

PO $_{4}^{3-}$ and NO $_{3}^{-}$

SO $_{4}^{2-}$ and I $_2$