Principles of Management Test - 5

F.W. Taylor is considered as father of Scientific Management. 

• He proposed scientific management as opposed to rule of thumb.
• He broke up human activity into small parts and found out how it could be done effectively, in less time and with increased productivity.
• It implies conducting business activities according to standardised tools, methods and trained personnel in order to increase the output, improve its quality and reduce costs and wastes.

Henry Fayol is considered as father of General Management.

• Fayol was the first to identify four functions of management – Planning, Organising, Directing and Controlling although his version was a bit different – Plan, Organise, Command, Coordinate and Control.
• Based largely on his own experience, he developed his concept of administration.

• Principles of mangement cannot be tested in laboratories as these principles are applied on human behaviour.
• Principles of management are formed by experience and collective wisdom of managers as well as experimentation.
• These can be applied and tested in real life situation rather than in laboratories.

Science, not rule of thumb, this principle was given by F.W.Taylor.

• Taylor believed that there was only one best method to maximise efficiency.
• This method can be developed through study and analysis.
• The method so developed should substitute ‘Rule of Thumb’ throughout the organisation.
• Scientific method involved investigation of traditional methods through work-study, unifying the best practices and developing a standard method, which would be followed throughout the organisation.

Taylor called for complete mental revolution on the part of both management and workers in Harmony, Not Discord principle which means:

• Management should share the gains of the company, if any, with the workers.
• At the same time workers should work hard and be willing to embrace change for the good of the company.

• Pure or Exact science principles can be tested in laboratories as these are not applied on human behaviour.
• Pure or Exact science principles are applied on objects.
• The phenomenon of an apple falling from a tree towards the ground is explained by the law of gravity which was tested in laboratories also.In the same way Principles of  Physics chemistry and other subjects of science can be tested in laboratories.

Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was a French management theorist whose theories concerning scientific organisation of labour were widely influential in the beginning of twentieth century.

• Henry Fayol was a mining engineer in the beginning.
• Later on he started at the mining company ‘Compagnie de commentary-Fourchambean-Decazeville, ultimately acting as its managing director

Henri Fayol propounded 14 Principles of Management.

Based largely on his own experience, he developed his concept of administration. The 14 principles of management propounded by him which are as follow:

1. Division of work
2. Authority and Responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest
7. Remuneration of Employees
8. Centralisation and Decentralisation
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12. Stablility of Personnel
13. Initiative
14. Espirit de corps

Time study is one of the work study techniques given by F.W. Taylor where as Espirit De Corps, Scalar chain and Unity of command are principles given by Henri Fayol.