Chemistry in Everyday Life Test

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Chemistry in Everyday Life Test - 25

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Question 1
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Soaps cannot be used in hard water because they:

A
contain sodium

B
form precipitates

C
create environmental problems

D
create ozone depletion

Solution

Soaps cannot be used in hard water because they forms precipitates. When soaps are used in hard water that contains a lot of calcium and magnesium ions they cause the soap to precipitate and it is unable to form lather. This can be minimized by the addition of chemicals like sodium trimetaphosphate, borax, sodium silicate etc. These prevent the calcium and magnesium ions from reacting with the soap and allow it to form lather, thus forming precipitates.
Question 2
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Brine can be used to separate glycerol and soap because:

A
glycerol is more soluble in brine than soap

B
glycerol has a higher boiling point than soap

C
soap forms ionic bonds with brine

D
it is cheap

Solution
Question 3
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Which of the following is a soap?

A
$C_{17}H_{35}C_6H_4SO_3Na$

B
$CH_3COONa$

C
$C_{17}H_{35}COONa$

D
$C_3H_8O_3$

Solution

$C_{17}H_{35}COONa$ is a soap, named as sodium stearate. Soaps are substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali and typically having perfume and colouring added.
Question 4
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Which one of the following statement is correct about the given compound?

A
An anionic surfactant

B
A soap

C
A non-ionic surfactant

D
A cationic surfactant

Solution

Anionic surfactants contain anionic functional groups at their head, such as sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, and carboxylates. Prominent alkyl sulfates include ammonium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate, another name for the compound) and the related alkyl-ether sulfates sodium laureth sulfate, also known as sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and sodium myreth sulfate.
Question 5
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Which of the following is an appropriate use of an anionic detergent?

A
Dishwashing liquid

B
Pine-o-clean

C
Glass cleaners

D
Powder for front-loading washing machines

Solution

Anionic detergents are sodium salts of sulphonated long-chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. Alkyl hydrogen sulphates formed by treating long-chain alcohols with concentrated sulphuric acid are neutralised with alkali to form anionic detergents. Similarly, alkyl benzene sulphonates are obtained by neutralising alkyl benzene sulphonic acids with alkali

In anionic detergents, the anionic part of the molecule is involved in the cleansing action. Sodium salts of alkyl benzene sulphonates are an important class of anionic detergents.

They are mostly used for household work.

An appropriate use for an anionic detergent is in dish-washing liquid. Anionic detergent is typically used in laundry and automatic dishwasher detergents because they do not ionize in solution and thus, have no electrical charge. Aqueous liquid dish-washing detergent compositions are prepared that exhibit improved detergent performance and foam stability over a range of water hardness levels.

Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$
Question 6
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An advantage of detergents over soaps is:

A
detergents always contain heads

B
detergents are biodegradable

C
detergents are cheaper to make

D
detergents do not precipitate in hard water

Solution

An advantage of detergents over soaps is that detergents do not precipitate in hard water, unlike soap, and clothes can be easily washed with detergents in hard water. This is because detergents are chemically synthesized (artificial hydrocarbon chains) in a way that metal ions do not make compounds with the hydrocarbon chains, and cleansing action can be carried on.
Question 7
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What is the role of phosphate ion in a detergent?

A
It reduces pH of the water

B
It increases pH of the water

C
It removes $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions from water that causes hardness

D
It increases its solubility in water

Solution

Phosphates perform many functions in washing powders and detergent. They soften hard water by binding with calcium ions and magnesium ions. In this way, they prevent the lime in water from depositing or settling on the textile fibre. Phosphates counteract the effect of dissolved iron, calcium and magnesium ions that are present in hard water by preventing them from combining with other components of the formulation.
Question 8
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Structures of Paracetamol is:

A

B

C

D

Solution

The structure of paracetamol or $N$ -acetyl-p- aminophenol is
Question 9
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Directions For Questions

Ionic surfactants, on dissolution in water, form micelles. The micelle formation occurs at the definite concentration called CMC and above Kraft temperature. The number of ions aggregated to form micelles is called aggregation number. The aggregation number of a surfactant depends upon the nature of surfactant used.

...view full instructions

Which of the following statements is wrong?

A
All the detergents are surfactants.

B
All the soaps are anionic class of detergents.

C
Surfactants possess surface activity whereas detergents possess surface activity as well as cleansing action.

D
All the surfactants are colloidal electrolytes.

Solution

All the detergents are surfactants.

All the soaps are anionic class of detergents.

Surfactants possess surface activity whereas detergents possess surface activity as well as cleansing action.
(D) is wrong.
Question 10
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Which of the following would be an appropriate use of a non-ionic detergent?

A
Glass cleaners

B
Toothpaste

C
Liquid hand soap

D
Powder for front-loading washing machines

Solution

Powder for front-loading washing machines is an appropriate use of a non-ionic detergent. Non-ionic detergents are characterized by their uncharged, hydrophilic headgroups. Typical non-ionic detergents are based on polyoxyethylene or a glycoside.