Solutions Test -19

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Solutions Test -19

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Question 1

1 / -0

Match the items given in Column I and Column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) Saturated solution	(a) Solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution.
(ii) Binary solution	(b) A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than that of another.
(iii) Isotonic solution	(c) Solution with two components.
(iv) Hypotonic solution	(d) A solution which contains maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.
(v) Solid solution	(e) A solution whose osmotic pressure is more than that of another.
vi) Hypertonic solution	(f) A solution in solid phase.

(i)- (d) (ii)- (c) (iii)- (a) (iv)- (b) (v)- (f) (vi)- (e)

(i)- (a) (ii)- (d) (iii)- (b) (iv)- (c) (v)- (e) (vi)- (f)

(i)- (e) (ii)- (f) (iii)- (b) (iv)- (a) (v)- (c) (vi)- (d)

(i)- (a) (ii)- (b) (iii)- (c) (iv)- (d) (v)- (e) (vi)- (f)

Solution

(i) Saturated solution: A solution which contains maximum amounts of solute that can be dissolved in a given amounts of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

(ii) Binary solution: A solution with two components is known as binary solution.

(iii) Isotonic solution: A solution having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature as that of given solution is known as isotonic solution.

(iv) Hypotonic solution: A solution whose osmotic pressure is less than another is known as hypotonic solution.

(v) Solid solution: A solution in solid phase is known as solid solution.

(vi) Hypertonic solution: A solution whose osmotic pressure is greater than that of another is known as hypertonic solution.

Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is false?

A
Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality prepared in different solvents will have the same depression in freezing point.

B
The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the equation Π = CRT ( where C is the molarity of the solution).

C
Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solutions of barium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid and sucrose is BaCl₂> KCl > CH₃COOH > sucrose.

D
According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure exerted by a volatile component of a solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution.

Solution

ΔT_f= K_fm

Since K_f values depend upon the nature of solvent, the depression in freezing point of the solution would not be the same.
Question 3
1 / -0

The values of Van’t Hoff factors for KCl, NaCl and K₂SO₄ , respectively, are

A
2, 2 and 2

B
2, 2 and 3

C
1, 1 and 2

D
1, 1 and 1

Solution

The values of van't Hoff factor depend upon the extent of dissociation. KCl , NaCl and K₂SO₄ are strong electrolytes. The extent or degree of dissociation would be greatest with Na₂SO₄ as compared to that of KCl and NaCl.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is false?

A
Units of atmospheric pressure and osmotic pressure are the same.

B
In reverse osmosis, solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration.

C
The value of molal depression constant depends on nature of solvent.

D
Relative lowering of vapour pressure, is a dimensionless quantity.

Solution

In reverse osmosis solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher concentration of solute to a region of lower concentration , therefore the given statement at (ii) is false.
Question 5
1 / -0

Assertion : When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling point of water increases.

Reason : When a volatile solute is adde to a volatile solvent elevation in boiling point is observed.

A
Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

B
Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

C
Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement

D
Assertion and reason both are incorrect statements.

Solution

(i) Methyl alcohol & water both are volatile liquids which when mixed together to form a binary solution , the vapour pressure of this solution becomes more as compared to individual pure components .This affects the boiling point of water with a decrease.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point?

A
1.0M NaOH

B
1.0M Na₂SO₄

C
1.0M HNO₃

D
1.0M KNO₃

Solution

In 1.0M Na₂SO₄ solution vant Hoff factor , i > 1 and is maximum when compared with the other three given electrolytes . So, the extent of dissociation in case of 1.0M Na₂SO₄ would be highest yielding maximum no. of ions as compared to the other given electrolytes in their 1.0 M solutions.
Question 7
1 / -0

The unit of ebulioscopic constant is ..................

A
K kgmol^–1or K(molality)⁻¹

B
mol kg K^–1 or K^–1(molality)⁻¹

C
kg mol^–1K^–1or K^–1(molality)^–1

D
mol kg^–1or K(molality)⁻¹

Solution

The unit of ebullioscopic constant is K kgmol⁻¹or K molality⁻¹.
Question 8
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The main reason for the extremely low solubility of carbon dioxide in benzene $$(C_{6}H_{6})$$ at room temperature is due to which of the following?

A
The increased disorder due to mixing of the solute and solvent.

B
The relatively low strength of the intermolecular forces between carbon dioxide and benzene.

C
The strong hydrogen bonding in benzene.

D
The weak solvation of carbon and oxygen ions by benzene.

Solution

As $$CO_2$$ is a polar compound.
Benzene is non-polar compound.
Like dissolves like, i.e. Polar dissolves polar because the intermolecular force between polar-polar molecules are strong.
Thus the intermolecular force between non polar and polar molecule is weak.
Therefore, $$CO_2$$ has low solubility in benzene.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following solution in water will have the lowest vapour pressure?

A
$$0.1 M, NaCI$$

B
$$0.1 M, Sucrose$$

C
$$0.1 M,{ BaCI }_{ 2 }$$

D
$$0.1 M { Na }_{ 3 }{ PO }_{ 4 }$$

Solution

$$Na_3PO_4$$ will give maximum ions in water ($$4$$ ions)
So, it has lowest vapour pressure.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which one of the following salts would have the same value of the van't Hoff factor as that of $$K_3Fe(CN)_6?$$

A
$$Al_2(SO_4)_3$$

B
$$NaCl$$

C
$$Na_2SO_4$$

D
$$Al(NO_3)_3$$

Solution

$$K_3Fe(CN)_6$$ dissociates into $$3K^+ + [Fe(CN)_6]^{3-}$$

total of 4 particles, in a similar way,

$$Al(NO_3)_3$$ dissociates into $$Al^{3+}+3[(NO_3)]^-$$

total of 4 particles.
Question 11
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Ideal solution is formed when its components:

A
have zero heat of mixing only

B
have zero volume change on mixing only

C
have zero heat of mixing and zero volume change

D
can be converted into gases

Solution

An ideal solution one in which the molecules attract one another with equal force irrespective of their nature.
Thus, a solution composed of two components A and B will be an ideal one if the forces between A and A, B and B should be the same.
$$V_{mix}=0$$
$$V_{solvent}+V_{solute}=V_{solution}$$

Heat change on mixing should be zero
$$ H_{mix} = 0$$ (Heat is neither absorbed nor evolved).
Question 12
1 / -0

Which of the following components form an ideal solution?

A
Benzene and toluene

B
Acetone and aniline

C
Ethyl alcohol and benzene

D
Water and nitric acid

Solution

The solutions which obey Raoult's law over the entire range of concentration are known as ideal solutions.
For ideal solution, the enthalpy of mixing of the pure components to form the solution is zero and the volume of mixing is also zero, i.e.,
$${\triangle }_{mix}H=0$$ and $${\triangle}_{mix} V=0$$
Thus type of solution is a solution of benzene and toluene.
Question 13
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For an ideal solution with $$P^o_A > P^o_B$$ , which of the following is true ?

A
$$^x_{A(I)} = ^ x_{A(v)}$$

B
$$^x_{A(I)} > ^ x_{A(v)}$$

C
$$^x_{A(I)} < ^ x_{A(v)}$$

D
No relationship in their mole fraction

Solution
Question 14
1 / -0

Which of the following would have the lowest vapor pressure in the pure state?

A
Sodium hydroxide because of the strong interparticle forces of ionic solids

B
Methanol because of the hydrogen bonding in the functional group along with the non-polar nature of the carbon hydrogen bonds

C
Water because of the very strong hydrogen bonding in the substances

D
Ammonia because of the unbonded pair of electrons on the central atom coupled with hydrogen bonding in the substance.

Solution

Sodium hydroxide have lowest vapour pressure in the pure state because of the strong interparticle forces of ionic solids and also non-volatile in nature.
Question 15
1 / -0

Which of the following are true solutions?

A
ENO salt in water

B
Tomato soup

C
Aam panna

D
Filtered black tea

Solution

The definition of true solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which substance dissolved (solute) in solvent has the size of the particle less than $$10^{-9} m$$ or $$1 nm$$. So the perfect example of true solution is ENO salt in water. ENO is perfectly soluble in water and has minimum size. SO the correct option is A
Question 16
1 / -0

Which characteristics the weak inter molecular forces of attraction in a liquid?

A
High boiling point

B
High vapour pressure

C
High critical temperature

D
High heat of vapourisation

Solution

The stronger the intermolecular forces between the molecules, the harder it is for vaporization to occur since more energy is required to break the bonds holding the molecules together. So, weak intermolecular forces means high vapour pressure.
Question 17
1 / -0

The rate of vapourisation of water depends upon :

A
temperature

B
surface area of container

C
kinetic energy of liquid molecules

D
all of the above

Solution

The rate of vapourization of water depends on the temperature and surface area.

The kinetic energy of molecules depends on the temperature of the water.

Increasing temperature or surface area increases the rate of evaporation and vice-versa.

Option D is correct.

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Solutions Test -19

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Question 1

(i)- (d) (ii)- (c) (iii)- (a) (iv)- (b) (v)- (f) (vi)- (e)

(i)- (a) (ii)- (d) (iii)- (b) (iv)- (c) (v)- (e) (vi)- (f)

(i)- (e) (ii)- (f) (iii)- (b) (iv)- (a) (v)- (c) (vi)- (d)

(i)- (a) (ii)- (b) (iii)- (c) (iv)- (d) (v)- (e) (vi)- (f)

Solution

Question 2

Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality prepared in different solvents will have the same depression in freezing point.

The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the equation Π = CRT ( where C is the molarity of the solution).

Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solutions of barium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid and sucrose is BaCl2 > KCl > CH3COOH > sucrose.

According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure exerted by a volatile component of a solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution.

Solution

Question 3

2, 2 and 2

2, 2 and 3

1, 1 and 2

1, 1 and 1

Solution

Question 4

Units of atmospheric pressure and osmotic pressure are the same.

In reverse osmosis, solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration.

The value of molal depression constant depends on nature of solvent.

Relative lowering of vapour pressure, is a dimensionless quantity.

Solution

Question 5

Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement

Assertion and reason both are incorrect statements.

Solution

Question 6

1.0M NaOH

1.0M Na2SO4

1.0M HNO3

1.0M KNO3

Solution

Question 7

K kgmol–1 or K(molality)−1

mol kg K–1 or K–1(molality)−1

kg mol–1 K–1 or K–1(molality)–1

mol kg–1 or K(molality)−1

Solution

Question 8

The increased disorder due to mixing of the solute and solvent.

The relatively low strength of the intermolecular forces between carbon dioxide and benzene.

The strong hydrogen bonding in benzene.

The weak solvation of carbon and oxygen ions by benzene.

Solution

Question 9

$$0.1 M, NaCI$$

$$0.1 M, Sucrose$$

$$0.1 M,{ BaCI }_{ 2 }$$

$$0.1 M { Na }_{ 3 }{ PO }_{ 4 }$$

Solution

Question 10

$$Al_2(SO_4)_3$$

$$NaCl$$

$$Na_2SO_4$$

$$Al(NO_3)_3$$

Solution

Question 11

have zero heat of mixing only

have zero volume change on mixing only

have zero heat of mixing and zero volume change

can be converted into gases

Solution

Question 12

Benzene and toluene

Acetone and aniline

Ethyl alcohol and benzene

Water and nitric acid

Solution

Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solutions of barium chloride, potassium chloride, acetic acid and sucrose is BaCl₂> KCl > CH₃COOH > sucrose.

1.0M Na₂SO₄

1.0M HNO₃

1.0M KNO₃

K kgmol^–1or K(molality)⁻¹

mol kg K^–1 or K^–1(molality)⁻¹

kg mol^–1K^–1or K^–1(molality)^–1

mol kg^–1or K(molality)⁻¹