Development Experiences India & Neighbours test - 6

The one-child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China. It was introduced in 1979 

Development Index (HDI) combines three dimensions: A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birth, Education index: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schooling, A decent standard of living: GNI per capita.

China’s policymakers have stated the country’s vision to improve the “quality of growth” by economically empowering the poor, aiming to stimulate domestic consumption to levels where it can play the economic role hitherto played by exports and infrastructure investment.

The Government of India has made significant progress on important economic reforms, which will support strong and sustainable growth going forward.

Comparing GDP between two countries requires converting to a common currency.Deviations from parity imply differences in purchasing power of a "basket of goods" across countries, which means that for the purposes of many international comparisons, countries' GDPs or other national income statistics need to be "PPP-adjusted" and converted into common units. The best-known purchasing power adjustment is the "International Dollar".The real exchange rate is then equal to the nominal exchange rate, adjusted for differences in price levels. If purchasing power parity held exactly, then the real exchange rate would always equal one.

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is an economic theory that states that the exchange rate between two currencies is equal to the ratio of the currencies' respective purchasing power. Purchasing power parity is used worldwide to compare the income levels in different countries.

The modern conception of quality of life is a combination of factors: environment, standard of living, mental and physical health, social position, education, etc.

Liberty indicators are the rights of citizens of a country to play a part in the governance of their country. We strongly feel that liberty indicators should be considered as indicators of the development because development is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Liberty indicators are - important components of quality of life which represents the functioning of an economy.

India and Pakistan are completing five decades of their independence. Since the partition, the relationship between the two countries has been uneasy and characterized by a set of paradoxes. Both countries face a set of common problems -- the inherited legacy of a control mind-set among the government and rent-seeking private sector, widespread corruption, poor fiscal management, weak financial system and congested and overcrowded urban services.

Pakistan is more Urbanized (38%) than India (32%), historically the difference was even higher.  Pakistan inherited Lahore and Karachi, two of the big cities, more than 21% of its population resides in 3 cities, one would think it would be easier for them to provide education. Somehow Pakistan has not developed interest for education and quality educatio

Land is an essential natural resource, both for the survival and prosperity of humanity, and for the maintenance of all terrestrial ecosystems. Over millennia, people have become progressively more expert in exploiting land resources for their own needs. The limits on these resources are finite while human demands on them are not. Increased demand or pressure on land resources shows up as declining crop production, degradation of land quality and quantity, and competition for land.