Human Rights in India Test 15

The Parliament is the supreme legislature in the country. The Fundamental rights are no doubts essential for the development of the individual but they can be curtailed or restricted by the parliament on reasonable grounds itself provided by the constitution.

Human Rights Day is celebrated annually across the world on 10 December every year. The date was chosen to honor the United Nations General Assembly's adoption and proclamation, on 10 December 1948, of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Universal Declaration) is an international document that states basic rights and fundamental freedoms to which all human beings are entitled. The Universal Declaration was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1948.

The Right to Information Act passed in 2005 provided a ray of hope for common people as it promised transparency and accountability in governance and captured the imagination of masses soon. The law has a potential to be a crucial catalyst in challenging the power equation between the common masses and the ruling classes besides curtailing corruption. The object to create this Act was to serve a larger public interest to question the age-old hierarchical traditional system of governance and to strengthen foundation for a true participatory democracy.

Article 25 to 28 of the Constitution of India guarantees the right of Freedom of religion.

1. Article 25: Freedom of conscience and freedom to profess practice and propagate any religion.
2. Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
3. Article 27: Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
4. Article 28: Freedom to attend religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.

Inborn rights of man are those rights which he possesses since birth. They are the Human Rights which are moral principles or norms, and which describe certain standards of human behaviour, and are regularly protected as legal rights in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being, and which are inherent in all human beings regardless of their nation, location, language, religion, ethnic origin or any other status.

It is necessary to maintain and preserve freedom of speech and expression in a democracy, so also it is necessary to place some restrictions on this freedom for the maintenance of social order because no freedom can be absolute or completely unrestricted. Accordingly, under Article 19(2) of the Constitution of India, the State may make a law imposing “reasonable restrictions” on the exercise of the right to freedom of speech and expression “in the interest of” the public on the following grounds: Clause (2) of Article 19 of the Indian constitution contains the grounds on which restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression can be imposed. To maintain the sovereignty and integrity of a state is the prime duty of government. Taking into it into account, freedom of speech and expression can be restricted so as not to permit anyone to challenge sovereignty or to permit anyone to preach something which will result in threat to integrity of the country. freedom of speech and expression cannot confer a right to incite people to commit offense. The word ‘offense’ is defined as any act or omission made punishable by law for the time being in force. Hence, Option A is correct. The rest of the clauses are in the favour of national interest, and not related to freedom of speech, hence, incorrect. 

Fundamental Rights is a charter of rights contained in Part III of Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. These include individual rights common to most liberal democracies, such as equality before law, freedom of speech and expression, religious and cultural freedom and peaceful assembly, freedom to practice religion, and the right to constitutional remedies for the protection of civil rights by means of writs such as habeas corpus.

"Rights under articles 20 and 21" cannot be suspended by any order under article 359. Article 20 states that no person shall be convicted for any offence except the violation of law in force. No person shall be punished for the same offence more than once. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Article 21 guarantees that no person shall be deprived of his life and personal liberty except according to the procedure established by the law.

Article 24 of the Indian constitution clearly states that no child under the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or employed in any hazardous employment. The practice of bonded labour has also been declared unlawful.