Famous Personalities of India and World Test 57

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Famous Personalities of India and World Test 57

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Some of the inventions and their inventors are given. Select the mismatched pairs.
(i) Atomic bomb - J Robert Oppenheimer
(ii) Piano - Georges Audemars
(iii) Steel - Henry Bessemer
(iv) Cinema - Bartolomeo Cristofori

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(ii) and (iii)

C
(iii) and (iv)

D
(ii) and (iv)
Solution
- The invention of the piano is credited to Bartolomeo Cristofori.
- Louis Lumiere along with his brother Auguste was credited for the invention of the cinema.
Question 2
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His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of the Anopheles mosquito led to the realisation that malaria was transmitted by Anopheles. He received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in $$1902$$ for his work on the transmission of malaria. Who was he?

A
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

B
Robert Koch

C
Ronald Ross

D
Paul Ehrlich
Solution
- Sir Ronald Ross, born in Almora, India, was famous for his work concerning malaria and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902.
- He discovered that the salivary gland in the mosquito was the storage site of malarial parasites and using infected birds, he demonstrated the full life cycle of the malarial parasitic organism.
- Ross was also a prolific writer of novels and in particular, poems.
Question 3
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Chandra Shekhar Azad worked with two other martyrs to avenge the death of

A
Bhagat Singh

B
Tantya Tope

C
Lala Lajpat Rai

D
Subhash Chandra Bose
Solution
- Chandra Shekhar Azad was an Indian freedom fighter who had a revolutionary bent of mind in his initial years.
- It was after the death of Lala Lajpat Rai in 1928, that Azad had a change of heart and advocated socialism.
- He reorganized Hindustan Republic Association into Hindustan Socialist Republic Association with the support of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, and urged his fellow revolutionaries to undertake social work to reduce the hardships faced by Indians.
Question 4
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Robin Hood's band of Merry Men terrorised the rich who passed through Sherwood Forest. Who among the Merry Men was the religious man who had been defrocked?

A
Saint Marian

B
Friar Tuck

C
Brother John Little

D
Will Scarlett
Solution
- Most people are familiar with Friar Tuck as one of Robin Hood's band of Merry Men.
- Friar is often described as a fat, jovial monk with a classic tonsure haircut.
- Besides being a "warrior monk," Tuck is known for his love of ale, and often is used in the Robin Hood stories as comic relief.
Question 5
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He was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary politician who also served as president of South Africa. During the struggle against the apartheid movement he was imprisoned for 27 years. Who was he?

A

B

C

D
Question 6
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The term 'robot' first appeared in the Czech play R.U.R. (Russum's Universal Robots) in 1920, and has its roots in the Czech word 'robota' meaning compulsory labour. Who wrote this play?

A

B

C

D
Solution
- Karel Capek is one of the the most influential Czech writers of the 20th century. He wrote with intelligence and humour on a wide variety of subjects.
- His works are known for their interesting and precise descriptions of reality, and Capek is renowned for his excellent work with the Czech language.
- His play RUR, Rossum's Universal Robots (1921), introduced us to the word 'robot' and described the elimination of humanity by robots.
Question 7
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He was an Italian scientist who discovered the principle of the pendulum. He observed the movement of the lamp hanging from the ceiling and noticed that its oscillatory movement was constant. Who was he?

A
Isaac Newton

B
Galileo Galilei

C
Albert Einstein

D
Max Planck
Solution
- Widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists, Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer and mathematician, who helped shape the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.
- Because of his mathematical approach to motion, Galileo was intrigued by the back and forth motion of a suspended weight.
- Galileo discovered the "isochronism of the pendulum" aka the "law of the pendulum". Galileo demonstrated at the Tower of Pisa that falling bodies of different weights descend at the same rate.
Question 8
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Margaret Mitchell's Civel War saga set in and around Atlanta, Georgia, became one of the twentieth century's best selling books. It was made into a movie starring Clarke Gable and Vivien Leigh, which went to win many Oscar awards. What is this book called?

A
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest

B
Giant

C
Gone With the Wind

D
The Good Earth
Solution
- Margaret Mitchell's 'Gone with the Wind' was published in 1936, won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
- It is a story about civil war, starvation, rape, murder, heartbreak and slavery. The story is one of struggle, growth and survival in harsh physical and emotional circumstances.
Question 9
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'Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains'. This starts the treatise by one of the greatest thinkers of all time. Who is he?

A
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

B
Rene Descartes

C
Karl Marx

D
Friedrich Engels
Solution
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French philosopher and writer. His Political Philosophy, particularly his formulation of social contract theory strongly influenced the French Revolution and the development of Liberal, Conservative and Socialist theory.
- A brilliant, undisciplined and unconventional thinker throughout his colorful life, his views on Philosophy of Education and on religion were equally controversial but nevertheless influential.
Question 10
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He is the first American to orbit Earth and also the oldest person to fly in space. He was one of the members of "Mercury Seven", the seven men who flew on the Mercury spacecraft. Name him.

A
Ed White

B
Alexei Leonov

C
Alan Shepard

D
John Glenn
Solution
- John Glenn was the first U.S. astronaut to orbit Earth, completing three orbits in 1962.
- By orbiting the Earth, John Glenn showed that the United States could compete with the Soviet Union in the Cold War space race.
- His mission of almost nine days on the space shuttle orbiter Discovery, launched Oct. 29, 1998, when he was 77, made him the oldest human to venture into space.