Transportation in Animals and Plants Test - 3

Transpiration is the loss of water from a plant in the form of water vapor. Water is absorbed by roots from the soil and transported as a liquid to the leaves via xylem. In the leaves, small pores allow water to escape as a vapor and CO2 to enter the leaf for photosynthesis.

William Harvey (1578-1657) is recognized as the man who discovered and published the first accurate description of the human circulatory system, based on his many years of experiments and observations as a scientist and physician.

The waste is filtered from the blood and the purified blood is sent to the normal circulation. The waste along with water  is transferred to the urinary bladder through the ureters. The content of the ureter is called urine.

Xylem are strong, thick tubes. They carry water and minerals from the plant's roots to its leaves. Water and minerals must reach the leaves. There they will be available for use in photosynthesis.

White Blood Cells or White Blood Corpuscles (WBC)  are present in various shapes. White blood cells, also called leukocytes, are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease.

If the body is too hot, glands in the skin secrete sweat onto the surface to increase heat loss by evaporation. This cools the body. Sweat secretion slows when the body temperature returns to normal.

Red Blood Cells or Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) are in the shape of discs. They contain a pigment; called haemoglobin. Haemobglobin binds with oxygen and thus is mainly responsible for transportation of oxygen in the body.

Human beings aren't able to store protein, for the most part. The human body can break down its muscle tissue to get certain amino acids, or the building blocks of protein, but it has no specialized cells to store protein efficiently, as it does fat and carbohydrate. For this reason, eating protein regularly is of paramount importance.

Another name for red blood cell is erythrocyte. 'Erythro' means red; 'cyte' means cell. RBC is an acronym for red blood cells. RBCs carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around our body.

Animals such as sponges and Hydra do not posses any circulatory system. The water in which they live brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies. The water carries away waste materials and carbon dioxide as it moves out. Thus, these animals do not need a circulatory fluid like the blood.

The heart is an organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transport of blood, which carries other substances with it.

The right ventricle propels this de-oxygenated blood to the lungs though pulmonary artery, for oxygenation. The deoxygenated blood loses carbon-di-oxide and gains oxygen in the lungs. This process is called gaseous exchange. After the gaseous exchange, blood becomes oxygenated. This oxygenated blood comes to left atrium of the heart through pulmonary veins.

Heart beat increase when you do some extra work, such as running, cycling or when you are excited or under stress. This can be felt as an increase in the thumping or throbbing and relaxation. This rhythmic contraction followed by expansion constitutes a heartbeat. Heart rate increase during exercise and fever.

Each of our kidneys contains over a million nephrons. They are the functioning unit of the kidneys. They remove waste from the body and produces urine.

In plants there are special tubes called xylem and phloem, which comprise the conducting tisuues or vascular tissues. The vascular tissue for the transport of water and nutrients in the plant is called the xylem. The food has to be transported to all parts of the plant. This is done by the vascular tissue called the phloem. Thus, xylem and phloem transport substances in plants.