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Vocabulary Test 61

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Vocabulary Test 61
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
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    Given below is a foreign language phrase that is commonly used. Choose the correct meaning of the phrase
    Ab initio
    Solution
    Ab initio is a Latin term meaning "from the beginning" and is derived from the Latin ab(from)+ initio, ablative singular of initium "beginning". Option (a) bears the correct meaning.
  • Question 2
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    Select the word closest in meaning to the given word:
    Impassioned 
    Solution
    'Impassioned' means something full of strongly felt and strongly expressed emotion. E.g. Relatives of the dead made an impassioned plea for the bodies to be flown back to this country. 'Ardent' means showing strong feelings. 'Impressive' means something worth admiring or respecting. 'Sympathetic' means someone who shows care about someone else's suffering. 'Irresponsible' means not responsible. 
    Thus, option A is the correct answer.
  • Question 3
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    Choose the correct word which is closest in meaning to the word phrase in bold given in the sentence. Indicate your option.
    The inspector was a vigilant young man.
    Solution
    'Vigilant' means always being careful to notice things. E.g. One has to be vigilant to spot animals while Jungle Safari. 'Intelligent' means able to learn things and understand them easily. 'Ambitious' means having a strong wish to be successful, powerful, or rich. 'Watchful' means paying careful attention and ready to deal with problems. 'Smart' means having a clean, tidy and stylish appearance. 
    Thus, option C is the correct answer. 
  • Question 4
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    Directions For Questions

    The question in this section is based on a single passage. The question is to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. Kindly note that more than one of the choices may conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the most appropriate answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question.

         The spread of education in society is at the foundation of success in countries that are latecomers to development. In the quest for development, primary education is absolutely essential because it creates the base. But higher education is just as important for it provides the cutting edge. Universities are the life-blood of higher education. Islands of excellence in professional education, such as Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), are valuable complements but cannot be substituted for universities which provide educational opportunities for people at large.
         There can be no doubt that higher education has made a significant contribution to economic development, social progress and political democracy in independent India. It is a source of dynamism for the economy. It has created social opportunities for people, it has fostered the vibrant democracy in our polity. It has provided a beginning for the creation of a knowledge society. But it would be a mistake to focus on its strengths alone. It has weaknesses that are cause for serious concern.
         There is, in fact, a quiet crisis in higher education in India that runs deep. It is not yet discernible simply because there are pockets of excellence, an enormous reservoir of talented young people and an intense competition in the admissions process.
    And, in some important spheres, we continue to reap the benefits of what was sown in higher education 50 years ago by the founding fathers of the republic. The reality is that we have miles to go. The proportion of our population, in the age group 18-24, that enters the world of higher education is around 7%, which is only one-half the average for Asia. The opportunities for higher education, in terms of the number of places in universities, are simply not enough in relation to our need. What is more, the quality of higher education is most of our universities requires substantial improvement.
         It is clear that the system of higher education in India faces serious challenges. It needs a systematic overhaul so that we can educate much larger numbers without diluting academic standards. This is imperative because the transformation of economy and society in the 21st century would depend, in significant part, on the spread and the quality of education among our people, particularly in the sphere of higher education. It is only an inclusive society that can provide the foundations for a knowledge society.
         The challenges that confront higher education in India are clear. It needs a massive expansion of opportunities for higher education, to 1500 universities nationwide, that would enable India to attain a gross enrollment ration of at least 15% by 2015. It is just as important to raise the average quality of higher education in the very sphere. At the same time, it is essential to create institutions that are exemplars of excellence at par with the best in the world. In the pursuit of these objectives, providing people with access to higher education in a socially inclusive manner is imperative. The realization of these objectives, combined with access. would not only develop the skills and capabilities we need for the economy but would also help transform India into a knowledge economy and society.

    ...view full instructions


    What is the antonym of the expresssion 'cutting edge'?
    Solution
    Cutting edge means-highly advanced; innovative or pioneering and the correct antonym is option (a) i.e., conventional
  • Question 5
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    Choose the word which is closest in meaning to the word phrase in bold given in the sentence.
    Both parties were amenable to a peaceful settlement of the land dispute.
  • Question 6
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    Choose the correct word which is closest in meaning to the word phrase in bold given in the sentence. Indicate your option.
    Indians exhibited a remarkable solidarity at the time of war.
    Solution
    'Solidarity' means an agreement between and support for the members of a group, especially a political group. E.g. The purpose of the speech was to show solidarity with the country's leaders. 'Coalition' means the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose. 'Co-operation' means the act of working together with someone or doing what they ask you. 'Unification' means the process of bringing together or combining things or people. 'Unity' means the state of being joined together or in agreement. 
    Thus, option D is the correct answer. 
  • Question 7
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    Choose the correct word which is closest in meaning to the word phrase in bold given in the sentence. Indicate your option.
    His impeccable style caught the attention of all critics.
    Solution
    'Impeccable' means perfect, with no problems or bad parts. E.g. His English is impeccable. 'Faultless' means without any fault. 'Inoffensive' means not causing any harm or offence. 'Upright' means straight. 'Harmless' means causing no harm. 
    Thus, option A is the correct answer. 
  • Question 8
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    Choose the correct word which is closest in meaning to the word phrase in bold given in the sentence. Indicate your option.
    The government is under no obligation to offer contracts to companies which choose to flout guidelines.
    Solution
    'Flout' means to not obey a rule, law, or custom. E.g. many motorcyclists flout the law by not wearing helmets. 'Condemn' means to criticize something or someone strongly. 'Ignore' means to intentionally not listen or give attention to. 'Defy' means to refuse to obey a law, decision, situation etc. 'Neglect' means to ignore. 
    Thus, option C is the correct answer. 
  • Question 9
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    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]Read the passage and answer the question following it:[/passage-header]Artists should treat their art as art and take the process of making it as seriously as anyone takes their chosen profession.  Great skill and insight are required in order to create truly original art. Transforming an idea or concept into a technically thought-provoking or emotion-arousing work of art in any medium is a  talent that few people possess. And there you have the "purist's vision".
    Now if an artist wants to create art and never sell it, then he or she never has to worry about how to price it. That artist can afford to be a "purist". as you put it, produce art free of any encumbrances or concerns about what the art world or anyone else might think, and avoid "prostituting" or "debasing" that art by placing dollar values on it." But if you're an artist who wants to sell your art or who has to sell it in order to survive as an artist, you must use whatever tools are available to figure out how much it's worth and how best to sell it.
    Let's say you're just starting out as an artist, you have little or no experience showing or selling your work, and in a period of two minutes, you produce a pencil drawing on a piece of paper. You view this drawing as highly significant in your evolution as an artist and rank its creation as the single most important creative moment of your life.
    Consequently, you put a price of $20,000 on it because only for that amount of money will you agree to part with such an important work of art. This is a "purist's vision" approach to pricing as opposed to a "realities of the marketplace" approach.
    From a business standpoint, you'll have an extremely difficult time selling you drawing, as you won't be able to justify the  $20,000 price to real art buyers in the real art world. You have no track record of selling art in that price range, and you have few or no shows, critical reviews, or supporting data from outside sources indicating that your art has that kind of value or collectibility in the marketplace. The overwhelming majority of art buyers who have $20,000 to spend look for works of art by established artists with documented track records of showing and selling art in that price range.
    Your drawing is still highly significant to you, but what someone is willing to pay for it on the open market is a matter for ary buyers to decide. You can price it however you wish, but you can never force anyone to buy it. That's the way the art business works. So if you want to sell it, you have to figure out what dollar amount someone is likely to pay for it on the open market and then price it at that amount. But the tale of your drawing does not end here.
    The art world may, one agree with you that the product of you two-minute moment precipitates a major transformational turning point in your career, and is well worth a $20,000 asking price, but you're going to have to prove first. Aspects of that drawing will have to be reflected in your art from the moment you created it onwards, the art world will have to recognize your art both critically and from the marketing standpoints, and you will have to successfully produce, show, and sell for many years. Then one day, when you first retrospective exhibition opens at the Four-Star Museum of Art, that drawing will hand framed and captioned as the first inspiration for all subsequent work. The art world will then understand and respect its significance, and a  serious collector may well be willing to pay an extraordinary price to own this historically important document of your career.
    Returning for a moment to the concept of a purist artist who creates art and never sells it, sooner or later (hopefully later), that purist will pass on and leave behind a body of work. Unless that artist leaves specific instructions in his or her will for that body of work to be destroyed, it will become subject to those market forces that the artist strived for a lifetime to avoid. At the very least. it'll have to be appraised for tax, donation, or inheritance purposes. In most cases, it eventually comes onto the market either through a probable sale, an auction, or as represented by a dealer, gallery, or family member. The moral of the story is that one way or another,  someone somewhere at some point in time will use tried and true methods to realistically price and either sell, donate, trade or otherwise transact any work of art that comes onto the market in any way, shape, or form. I hope that the person will be you, the artist and that you'll price your art according to what the market will bear, sell plenty of it, and have a long and rewarding career. Answer the following questions indicating your option for each question:

    ...view full instructions

    Choose the right option
    The synonym of the word PRECIPITATE in the context of the passage is
    Solution
    It is written in the passage that, 'The art world may, one agree with you that the product of your two minute moment precipitates a major transformational turning point in you career...'
    In this context precipitate means, cause an event or situation, typically one that is undesirable to happen suddenly, unexpectedly, or prematurely. Therefore the correct synonym is option (b), trigger that means, cause an event or situation to happen or exist. Other options have different meaning
  • Question 10
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    Directions For Questions

    Read the passage and answer the question following it:

    In Manu Joseph's debut novel Serious Men, the protagonist, Ayyan Mani; is a shy, scheming Dalit-Buddhist who almost gets away with passing off his partially deaf son, Adi, as a prodigy, a genius who can recite the first 1,000 prime numbers. The garb of satire-where almost every character cuts a sorry figure-gives the author the license to offer one of the bleakest and pessimistic portrayals of urban Dalits. Despite his savage portrayal of Dalit (and female) characters-or perhaps because of it?- Serious Men has won critical appreciation from a cross-section of readers and critics.

        At a time when a formidable body of Dalit literature writing by Dalits about Dalit lives-has created a distinct space for itself, how and why is it that a novel such as Serious Men, with its gleefully skewed portrayal of an angry Dalit man, manages to win such accolades? In American literature- and particularly in the case of African-American authors and character-these issues of representation have been debated for decades. But in India, the sustained refusal to address issues related to caste in everyday life- and the continued and unquestioned predominance of a Brahminical stranglehold over cultural production- have led us to a place where the non-Dalit portrayal of Dalits in literature, cinema and art remain the norm.

        The journey of modern Dalit literature has been a difficult one. But even though it has not necessarily enjoyed the support of numbers we must engage with what Dalits are writing- not simply for reasons of authenticity, or as a concession to identity politics, but simply because of the aesthetic value of this body of writing, and for the insights it offers into the human condition. In a society that is still largely unwilling to recognize Dalits as equal, rights-bearing human beings, in a society that is inherently indifferent to the everyday violence against Dalits, in a society unwilling to share social and cultural resources equitably with Dalits unless mandated by law (as seen in the anti-reservation discourse), Dalit literature has the potential to humanize non- Dalits and sensitise them to a world into which they have no insight. But before we can understand what Dalit literature is seeking to accomplish, we need first to come to terms with the stranglehold of non-Dalit representation of Dalits.

        Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance, published 15 years ago, chronicles the travails of two Dalit characters- uncle Ishwar and nephew Omprakash- who migrate to Bombay and yet cannot escape brutality. While the presence of the novel is set at the time of the Emergency, Ishvar's father Dukhi belongs to the era of the anti-colonial nationalist movement. During one of Dukhi's visits
    to the town, he chances upon a meeting of the Indian National Congress, where speakers spread the "Mahatma's message regarding the freedom struggle, the struggle for justice," and wiping out "the disease of untouchability, ravaging us for centuries, denying dignity to our fellow human beings."Neither in the 1940s, where the novel's past is set nor in the Emergency period of the 1970s- when the minds and bodies Ishvar and I+Omprakash, are savaged by the state- do we find any mention of a figure like BR Ambedhkar or of Dalit movements.

    In his 'nationalist' understanding of modern Indian history, Mistry seems to have not veered too far from the road charted by predecessors like Mul Raj Anand and Premchand. Sixty years after Premchand, Mistry's literacy imagination seems stuck in the empathy- realism mode, trapping Dalits in abjection. Mistry happily continues the broad stereotype of the Dalit as a passive sufferer, without consciousness of caste politics.

    ...view full instructions

    Which of the following words would be the best substitute for the word 'sly' in this passage.
    Solution
    In the opening sentence,'.... In Manu Joseph's debut novel Serious Men, the protagonist, Ayyan Mani; is a sly, scheming Dalit-Buddhist who almost gets away with passing off his partially deaf son, Adi, as a prodigy,....' The word sly mean deceitful. Therefore option (c) is correct,
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