The Making of the National Movement 1870 to 1947 Test - 26

In 1930, thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps & participated in protest rallies & boycott campaigns.

• Dandi March was carried in the year 1930 against salt tax.
  
• Khilafat movement was supported by Gandhi and started in 1919. This was mainly to support the Caliph/khalifa of Turkey who was deprived of all authority.
  
• Simon commission came to India in 1928. There were no Indian representatives in it and hence Indians boycotted it.
  
• Purna Swaraj resolution was adopted in the Congress session of January 1930 which meant complete independence and it became the goal.
  

Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Maulana Shaukat Ali were the leaders of the Khilafat movement. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad became the leader of the Khilafat committee.

Being producers of commercial crops, they were hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government's revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment.

Khilafat movement was originally in support of Caliph who was the religious head of the Muslims. Gandhiji saw an opportunity for a Hindu-Muslim mass movement and hence joined his non-cooperation with the khilafat issue. It was started in the year 1919. The non-cooperation movement started to spread in different parts of the country.

In September 1921, the Ali brothers (Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) were arrested who had started the movement. Moreover, Gandhiji suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri Chaura incident. He was arrested in 1922. 

During the Simon Commission, Lord Irwin was the Viceroy of India. He was appointed as the 30th Viceroy and Governor General of India on April 3^rd, 1926.

The Rowlatt satyagraha even though a widespread movement was limited mostly to cities and towns. He was of the opinion that no such movement could be organised without bringing the Hindus and Muslims closer together.

In June 1920, Jawaharlal Nehru began going around the villages in Awadh, talking to the villagers, and trying to understand their grievances. By October, the Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others. Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in the villages around the region.

Value of foreign cloth dropped from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. People also began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones.