Why Do We Need a Parliament Test - 4

Indian Parliament is bicameral in nature. It consists of President and two houses - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha are also called upper and lower house of Parliament respectively.

Parliament's expenditure is controlled by the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India. CAG is an authority, established by Article 148 of the Constitution of India, which audits all receipts and expenditure of the Government of India.

A Member of Parliament is any member of the Indian Parliament called Sansad, i.e., (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha). The members of the Lok Sabha are elected popularly by constituencies in each of the Indian states and union territories, while members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly by the state legislatures. Each state is allocated a fixed number of representatives in each chamber, in order of their respective population. The political party which secures more than half the seats in the Lok Sabha forms the Government of India. The term period of an elected member of the Rajya Sabha is 6 years, while the member elected for the Lok Sabha is only for 5 years.

The Parliament does not have complete control and sovereignty, as its laws are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Court of India. However, it does exercise some control over the executive branch. The members of the cabinet, including the prime minister and the Council of Ministers, are either chosen from parliament or elected there to within six months of assuming office. The cabinet as a whole is responsible to the Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can only be dissolved when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house.

By Article 3, Parliament has the power by law to form a new State from the territory of any State or by uniting two or more States, increase or decrease the area of any state, or alter the boundaries or the name, of any State. The only conditions laid down for the making of such a law are that (i) such a Bill must be introduced only on the recommendation of the President, and (ii) before recommending the bill, the President has to refer it to the concerned State Legislature which would express its view within a specified period. The President is not, however, bound by the views of the State Legislature. A simple majority and ordinary legislative procedure are enough for Parliament to form new States or alter existing State boundaries.

Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India, this control is direct and full. 

Legislature of the Union, which is called Parliament, consists of the President and two Houses, known as Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and House of the People (Lok Sabha).

The executive assumes the responsibility for the governance of the state. The executive has to work for the welfare of the people of India and is accountable to them. Hence, the executive is responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha).

Legislature is a deliberative body of persons, usually elective, who are empowered to make, change, or repeal the laws of a country or state. It is the branch of government having the power to make laws, as distinguished from the executive and judicial branches of government. 

By law, Parliament can form a new state by separating territory from any state, by merging two or more states or parts of states. Parliament can also reduce or increase the area or alter the boundary of any state or even change its name. But first, a bill on the matter has to be referred by the President to the legislature of the affected state so that the legislature can express its views within a certain period.