Women Caste and Reform Test - 4

Narendranath Dutta, widely known as Swami Vivekananda, was the most famous disciple of Ramakrishna Paramhansa. He was born in 1863. He believed that all religion stressed on equality of mankind and the unity of God. He criticized the caste system. He founded Ramkrishna Mission in 1897 after the name of his master carried on the work of social reforms in Hindu society. He believed in Vedanta which was the religion of mankind. He died in 1902.

Arya Samaj is an Indian religious movement that promotes values and practices based on the infallibility of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, a sannyasi, on 7 April 1875.

 

It was on 4 December 1829, when the practice was formally banned in all the lands under Bengal Presidency by Lord William Bentinck.

The Hindu College (1817) was founded in Calcutta by Raja Rammohan Roy.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first Indian who founded a reformist movement in India." He wanted to modernise India as early as possible, therefore, he was called the 'representative of the modern age'. He was totally against to the Vedas, Uphanishads, Brahrnanas.

Brahmo Samaj: First convened in 1828 by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in Calcutta the Brahmo Samaj central belief is in one God who is omnipresent and omniscient. The Brahmo religion is now in many parts of the world. The Brahmo Samaj has played a significant role in the renaissance of India and the roots of much of the modern thinking in India can be traced back to the Brahmo Samaj movement. Hemendranath Tagore codified the Brahmo Samaj doctrine finally in 1881.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj that brought about changes in the religious perception of Indians. He was against idolatry and man-made instructions that women are not allowed to read the Vedas. He also transformed the education system by introducing Anglo-Vedic schools to offer Indian students an updated curriculum teaching both the knowledge of the Vedas along with contemporary English education.

Ram Mohan Roy was educated in traditional languages like Sanskrit and Persian. He came across English much later in life and learned the language to get better employment with the British. But a voracious reader, he devoured English literature and journals, extracting as much knowledge as he could. He realised that while traditional texts like Vedas, Upanishads and Quran provided him with much reverence for philosophy, his knowledge was lacking in scientific and rational education. He advocated the introduction of an English Education System in the country teaching scientific subjects like Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and even Botany. He paved the way to revolutionizing education system in India by establishing Hindu College in 1817 along with David Hare which later went on to become one of the best educational institutions in the country producing some of the best minds in India. His efforts to combine true to the roots theological doctrines along with modern rational lessons saw him establish the Anglo-Vedic School in 1822 followed by the Vedanta College in 1826.

The Shuddhi Movement was started by the Arya Samaj and its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati. It was started in earlier part of 20th century to bring back the people who transformed their religion to Islam and Christianity from Hinduism.