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Punctuation Test 20

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Punctuation Test 20
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Team interaction is a key ingredient of workplace culture: good communication between team members is essential for success.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined word.
    Solution

    The given sentence describes two separate clauses that can exist independently. However, the use of colon (:) to join both the clauses is incorrect. A colon is generally used to introduce a list of items in a sentence.

     A semi colon (;) is used between two independent clauses when the coordinating conjunction is omitted. Thus, the correct answer should be Option A.
    Option B - A hyphen is used for the formation of certain compound terms. For example, eye-opener, free-for-all etc.
    Option C - An em dash(---) is used to create a strong break to show an interruption ,or a change of thought.


  • Question 2
    1 / -0

    Directions For Questions

    [passage-header]
    For this question, consider how the passage might be revised to improve the expression of the idea or to correct the errors in sentence structure, usage, or punctuation.

    Ghost Mural
    [/passage-header]   In 1932 the well-known Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned to paint a mural on the second-story exterior wall of a historic building in downtown Los Angeles. Siqueiros was asked to celebrate tropical America in his work, [1] he accordingly titled it "America Tropical." He painted the mural's first two sections, featuring images of a tropical rainforest and a Maya pyramid, during the day. [2] Also, to avoid scrutiny, Siqueiros painted the final section of the mural, the [3] centerpiece at night.
         [4] The reason for Siqueiros's secrecy became clear when the mural was [5] confided. The centerpiece of the work was dominated by images of native people being oppressed and [6] including an eagle symbolizing the United States. Siqueiros's political message did not please the wealthy citizens who had commissioned his work. They eventually ordered the mural to be literally whitewashed, or painted over with white paint.
       However, by the 1970s, the white paint had begun to fade, and the bright colors of the mural were beginning to show through. At the same time, a social and civil rights movement for Mexican Americans was working to raise awareness of Mexican American cultural identity. Artists associated with [7]     this began to rediscover and promote the work of the Mexican muralists, particularly Siqueiros. To them, "America Tropical" was an example of how art in public spaces could be used to celebrate Mexican American heritage while at the same time making a political statement. Inspired by Siqueiros and the other muralists, this new generation of artists strove to emulate the old mural masters.
           [8] The result was an explosion of mural painting that spread throughout California and the southwestern United States in the 1970s. It was the Chicano mural movement. Hundreds of large, colorful new murals depicting elements of Mexican American life and history appeared during this period, some in designated cultural locations but many more in abandoned lots, on unused buildings, or [9] painted on infrastructure such as highways and bridges. Many of these murals can still be seen today, although some have not been well maintained. 
       Fortunately, a new group of artists has discovered the murals, and efforts are underway to clean, restore, and repaint them. Once again, Siqueiros's "America Tropical" is [10] leading the way. After a lengthy and complex restoration process, this powerful work is now a tourist attraction, complete with a visitor center and a rooftop viewing platform. [11] Advocates hope that Siqueiros's mural will once more serve as an inspiration, this time inspiring viewers to save and restore an important cultural and artistic legacy.

    ...view full instructions

    The change required for sentence underlined at [3] is
    Solution

    A comma is used to indicate a pause, that would occur if the sentence were spoken aloud.

    The given sentence emphasizes on the section of the mural painted by Siquerios, the 'centerpiece'. In order to create the required emphasis, the word 'centerpiece'  must be followed by a comma. Thus, the correct answer is Option B.
    Options C and D are incorrect - A semi colon (;) is used to join clauses of separate ideas in one sentence, which is not required in the sentence whereas, an em dash (---) is used to create a strong break to show an interruption, a change of thought.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Cactus spines are produced from specialized structures called areoles, which are a kind of highly specialized branch.
    Solution
    The given sentence consists of two parts, the main clause and the non restrictive phrase that adds extra information about the noun phrase. As a general rule, a comma is used before 'which' when it introduces a non restrictive phrase. Thus, the correct answer must be Option D.
    Option A - A semi colon is used between two independent clauses when the coordinating conjunction is omitted.
    Option B - The en dash issued to represent a span or range of numbers, dates or time.

     
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Leonardo da Vinci may be described as a polymath, and his subjects of interest included art, architecture, science, maths, astronomy, botany and cartography.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined words.
    Solution
    A "polymath" is a person with a wide range of knowledge. The given statement has two independent sentences. Independent sentences have a subject and a verb and can convey a meaning on their own. Here, one sentence describes Leonardo da Vinci as a polymath and the other sentence lists his subjects of interest. These two sentences were joined by the conjunction "and" with a comma before "and." We can use "and" to join two nouns, two independent sentences, etc. Hence, the co-ordinating conjunction "and," which connects two sentences here, has been used correctly.
    When two independent sentences are joined by "and," a comma has to be inserted between the two sentences. The given sentence has a comma before "and." So, the punctuation was accurate as well.
    So, option D which suggests that no change is necessary is the right answer.
    A semi-colon is used to indicate a pause longer than a comma but shorter than a period. This sentence does not require a longer pause than that provided by a comma. Moreover, a semi-colon may be necessary to separate two sentences only if the first sentence has multiple commas. The first sentence here does not have any commas. So, option A which suggests a semi-colon is wrong.
    Option B recommends removing the comma from the sentence. However, two independent sentences joined by a co-ordinating conjunction should have a comma before the co-ordinating conjunction. We cannot remove the comma from this sentence. So, option B is incorrect.
    Option C shows a colon after "polymath." Using a colon, you can give more information about something that is mentioned right before the colon. This sentence does not detail anything about "polymath." It continues to list Leonardo da Vinci's subjects of interest. Hence, a colon is not required here. Thus, option C is incorrect. 
     
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The road was long and hard but our spirits were unwearied.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined part.
    Solution

    A comma separates independent clauses in a compound sentence that are separated by a conjunction. The comma is placed after the first clause and before the coordinating conjunction. Here, the two clauses are 'The road was long and hard' and 'our spirits were unwearied'. The conjunction is 'but'. Hence, the correct option is A.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined part.
    Visitors who usually enjoy the gardens, avoided the open-air areas on account of the rains.
    Solution
    According to general rule, when descriptive information is found within, rather than at the end of a sentence, it should be set off with a pair of commas. 
    In the given sentence, the phrase 'who usually enjoy the gardens' is the descriptive information. 
    Thus, the correct answer is Option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    During her stay in Europe, Elise tasted a variety of traditional Continental desserts; Polish Babka, German Baumkuchen and Italian Cassata.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined word.
    Solution

    The given sentence gives a list of traditional Continental desserts. A semi colon (;) is used between two independent clauses when the coordinating conjunction is omitted. Therefore, using a semi colon in the given sentence is incorrect.
    Option A - An ellipsis (…) is a set of three dots indicating an omission. This punctuation is not required in the given sentence.
    Option B - A comma is used in a list to separate a series of items and not before that.
    Option C - The punctuation colon (:) is specifically used to introduce a list of items. Therefore, the correct answer will be Option C.





  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Francis lived in California; Barry in Michigan.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined words.
    Solution
    The given sentence consists of two parallel sentences with no conjunction between them. In such a case, a semi colon is used to join them. 
    The second half of the sentence consists of two dependent elements but the conjunction is left out. So, a comma must be used between the elements to separate them.
    Thus, the correct will be Option A.
    An em dash is used when the sentence calls for a more emphatic tone, which is not the case in the given sentence.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Rich and poor, parents and children, families and individuals, were all affected by the floods.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined part.
    Solution
    According to general rule, when successive words are joined in pairs by conjunctions, they should be separated in pairs by the comma. In the given sentence, different groups of people have been described using adjectives in pairs. 
    Thus, according to the rule, the answer will be Option D, no change.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The cathedrals we considered the most glorious examples of architecture; now lie crumbling.

    Choose the option that best corrects the underlined words.
    Solution
    When a sentence comprises of a long subject followed by a verb, a comma should be placed immediately before the verb. Like in the given sentence, the subject is rather long followed by the verb. Therefore, a comma must be used in place of the semi colon. Thus, the correct answer will be Option B.
    A semi colon is used between two independent clauses when the coordinating conjunction is omitted.
    The hyphen is used to form certain compound terms.

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